Richard's Pipit

Motacillidae

Apr 8

Anthus richardi Vieillot, 1818 (108, 28)

Photo © Matthew Naylor, Airfield, St Mary’s, Isles of Scilly, 9th October 2023

Ex BBRC species 31/12/1982

STATUS

Central and Eastern Palearctic. Monotypic.

OVERVIEW

W. S. M. D'Urban (1906 (1): 303) in the Victoria County History of Devon, says: 'Mr. J. Gatcombe met with nine examples near Plymouth between 1841 and 1878, and three were obtained on Braunton Burrows by Mr. G. F. Mathew, R.N., in 1864 and 1869.'

Migrating periods appear to be April and May, returning September to November; some overwintering each year.

RECORDS

1). 1812 Greater London London, Middlesex, caught alive, October.

(N. A. Vigors, Zoological Journal 1: 279-280, 411-412; W. Yarrell, Loudon's Magazine of Natural History 4: 117-118; Yarrell, 1845; Yarrell, 1871-85; Glegg, 1935; Self, 2014).

History N. A. Vigors (1824) in the Zoological Journal, Vol. I. pp. 279-280, says: 'April 13th. Mr. Vigors called the attention of the [Zoological Club of the Linnean Society] Meeting to two species of Birds, which he exhibited from his collection, new to the Ornithology of the British Islands. The first of these Anthus richardi of M. Vieillot, was taken alive in a net in the fields, north of London, in the month of October, 1812.'

Further, pp. 411-412, he adds: 'Although the above species has been recently described by M. Vieillot, and admirably figured in the Planches colorieés, I am induced to have it represented in the present number of this journal, as it forms an interesting addition to the Ornithology of the British Islands. The specimen, from which the accompanying figure has been taken, was captured alive some time since in the neighbourhood of London, and is now in my collection. It is a young bird and nearly in the same state of plumage as the bird figured by M. Temminck....I have laid a more detailed account of this recent addition to the British Fauna before the Linnean Society, to which I must refer the reader for further particulars, and a more enlarged description.'

William Yarrell of London (1831) in Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, Vol. IV. pp. 117-118, dated January, 1831, says: 'Several notices of the occurrence of rare British birds having already appeared in your Magazine, I have selected from a long list the names of such only as are most interesting. Richard's Pipit. This bird was first made known as an addition to our fauna, by Mr. Vigors, in the first volume of the Zoological Journal, p. 411, with a coloured figure; and a second specimen has been lately taken in Copenhagen Fields, near London.'

Selby (1833 (1): 264-266) says: 'The capture of two or three specimens in the southern parts of Britain, within the last few years, (and subsequent to the publication of the first edition of this work,) entitles this species to be included in the list of our fauna as an occasional visitant....Plate C. Fig. 5. Represents this bird of the natural size, from a specimen formerly belonging to Mr. Vigors, and now in the Museum of the Zoological Society. Bill having the upper mandible brown; and the lower one (except the tip) sienna-yellow. Crown of the head, and hind part of the neck, deep-brown; the feathers being margined with yellowish-brown. Eye-streak and chin yellowish-white. Throat yellowish-white, surrounded by a gorget composed of lanceolated brown spots. Breast yellowish-brown, with oblong dark-brown spots. Belly and abdomen white, with a tinge of wood-brown. Flanks yellowish-brown. Back, wing-coverts, and scapulars, blackish-brown; the feathers being deeply edged with yellowish-brown, and having a slight tinge of oilgreen. The middle feathers of the tail deep-brown, with paler edges; the outer feather on each side almost entirely white; and the next to it having the anterior part white; the shaft and basal part black. Tail extending nearly two inches beyond the tips of the closed wings. Legs and feet yellowish-brown; the tarsi long and stout; hind claw much produced, and slightly curved.'

Yarrell (1845 (1): 436, 2nd ed.) says: 'This fine species was first made known as an occasional visitor to England by the late N. A. Vigors, Esq., M.P., who obtained a specimen that was taken alive in the neighbourhood of London in October 1812. Further, p. 438, Yarrell adds: 'The figure of Richard's Pipit here given was taken, by permission, from the bird originally obtained by Mr. Vigors, which, with his whole collection, was some years since presented to the Zoological Society.'

Alfred Newton (1871-74 (1): 602, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, adds: 'The figure here given was taken, like those of Bewick and Selby, from the bird originally obtained by Vigors, which, with his whole collection, was subsequently presented to the Zoological Society, but since the dispersal of the magnificent museum of that Society its fate is unknown to the Editor.'

Glegg (1935: 47-48) says: 'The evidence suggests that the 1812 bird was taken in the county, but no clue has been found regards the locality.'

2). 1831 Oxfordshire Near Oxford, caught, undated.

(Rennie, 1831; Yarrell, 1845; Aplin, 1889; Radford, 1966).

History Rennie (1831) in his edition of Montagu's Ornithological Dictionary, p. 420, says: '...and another at Oxford.'

Yarrell (1845 (1): 437, 2nd ed.) mentions one for Oxford, with no further details.

Alfred Newton (1871-74 (1): 598, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, says: 'Rennie, in his edition of Montagu's Ornithological Dictionary, published in 1831, noticed another taken at Oxford.'

Accepted locally (Aplin 1889: 79; Radford 1966).

Saunders (1899, 2nd ed.) does not list Oxford as an acceptable record but mentions southern districts of England.

3). 1832 Northumberland Near Howick, shot, 13th February.

(Yarrell, 1845; Hancock, 1874; Bolam, 1912).

History Yarrell (1845 (1): 437, 2nd ed.) says: 'Mr. W. Proctor, the curator of the Durham University Museum, informs me that he shot a specimen of this bird on the 13th February, 1832, near Howick, on the Northumbrian coast, which is now in the collection of the Rev. Thomas Gisborne, of Yoxall Lodge, Staffordshire.'

Accepted locally (Hancock 1874: 58).

4). 1836 Greater London Near London, Middlesex, two, caught, spring.

(Gould, 1837; Yarrell, 1845; Glegg, 1935; Self, 2014).

History Gould (1837 (2): 135) says: '...the British Islands may, perhaps, be considered among the countries in which it has been most frequently taken, as seldom a year passes without examples falling a prey to the London birdcatchers while in pursuit of the more favourite Goldfinch and Linnet. Independently of the recorded instances of this nature, we know of two that were captured in this way during the spring of 1836, in the immediate neighbourhood of the metropolis, from one of which the present figure is taken.'

Yarrell (1845 (1): 436, 2nd ed.) says: 'Mr. Gould, in his Birds of Europe, mentions two instances that occurred of the capture of this species, also near London, in the spring of 1836.'

Alfred Newton (1871-74 (1): 599, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, adds: '...and the British Museum, in 1837, obtained a specimen, which is said to have been killed at Bermondsey and may have been one of these last.'

Acceped locally for Middlesex (Glegg 1935: 48).

6). 1841 Norfolk North Denes, Great Yarmouth, shot, 22nd November, now at Castle Museum, Norwich (Acc. No. NWHCM: 1841.11.42).

(Eds., Annals & Magazine of Natural History 9: 79; W. R. Fisher, Zoologist 1843: 181; Yarrell, 1845; Stevenson, 1866; Patterson, 1905; Dye, Fiszer & Allard, 2009).

History In an Editorial (1842) in the Annals & Magazine of Natural History, Vol. IX. p. 79, it says: 'J. H. Gurney, Esq., of Norwich, informs us that the following rare birds have come under his notice during the last six months: - ...A specimen of the Richard's Pipit, which, as far as I know, is new to Norfolk, shot at Yarmouth in November.'

W. R. Fisher (1843) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. I. p. 181, says: 'Richard's Pipit. Was shot here on November 22nd, 1841.'

Stevenson (1866 (1): 168) says: 'In the Norwich Museum.' Further, Stevenson adds: in a footnote that "No. 98.s is the specimen obtained on the 22nd of November 1841".'

Patterson (1905: 126) adds the locality as 'North Denes'.

7). 1841 Northumberland Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, killed, 1st December, now at Great North Museum: Hancock, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

(Hancock, 1874; Howse, 1899; Bolam, 1912).

History Hancock (1874: 58) says: 'The second [for Northumberland] was killed at Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, on the 1st of December, 1831. It is now in my collection.'

Howse (1899: 42) in his Index-Catalogue of the Birds in the Hancock Collection, says: 'Case 85. No. 2 (right). Shot at Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, Dec, 1841, by E. Watson.'

Comment With Hancock saying this is the second for Northumberland, after the first in 1832, one assumes he made a typo with the year as Howse has published the record as 1841, presumably from the data attached with the specimen, data, which makes more sense.

8). 1841 Devon Devonport, four, obtained, December.

(W. S. Hore, Zoologist 1844: 496; Morris, 1856-62; D'Urban & Mathew, 1892).

History W. S. Hore of Devonport (1844) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. III. p. 496, dated 2nd February 1844, says: 'Four specimen's of Richard's Pipit were obtained here in December 1841: three of them were in excellent condition, one of which is in my collection. My young friend, Mr. John Gatcombe, who is an excellent practical ornithologist, and from whom I received my specimen, has been on the look out for this bird during the past and present seasons, but without seeing a single individual.

He describes the flight of the birds killed in 1841 as resembling that of the wagtail; and his attention was first directed to them by their very peculiar note. They did not appear to be on friendly terms with some Meadow Pipits, which were constantly endeavouring to drive them from their feeding ground.'

W. S. Hore (1845) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. III. p. 879, dated 2nd December 1844, says: 'During the last two months several valuable birds have been obtained in this county, an account of which may be interesting to the readers of The Zoologist. Mr. Rowe was fortunate enough to secure a beautiful specimen of Richard's Pipit (Anthus ricardi) in the Government grounds at Stoke: none of these latter birds have been seen since December, 1842.'

Morris (1857 (2): 180, reissue) says: 'In addition to these, John Gatcombe, Esq., of Wyndham Place, Plymouth, who has most obligingly furnished me with a highly-finished coloured drawing of the bird, from which the plate is taken, has written me word that, in the neighbourhood of that town, one was shot by himself in the month of November, 1842. He has also informed me that three others were procured at the same time, and two more a few years afterwards.'

Accepted locally (D'Urban & Mathew 1892: 45).

Comment Both these articles I believe refer to this record as Newman (1866) in Montagu's British Birds listed these four birds but not the reference in The Zoologist 1845 p. 879.

12). 1842 Norfolk North Denes, Great Yarmouth, shot, April.

(W. R. Fisher, Zoologist 1843: 181; Yarrell, 1845; Stevenson, 1866, photo; Riviere, 1930).

History W. R. Fisher (1843) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. I. p. 181, says: 'Richard's Pipit. Another example in the following April. The specimen killed here last April [this record] was said to measure seven inches and a quarter.'

Stevenson (1866 (1): 168) says: 'In the Norwich Museum.'

Further, in a footnote, Stevenson adds that No. 98 is the one killed in April, 1842.

Riviere (1930: 34) adds: 'By a curious chance, out of the first six specimens which occurred between the years 1841 and 1869, five were killed by the same gunner, Barnes by name.'

13). 1843 Norfolk North Denes, Great Yarmouth, male, shot, 24th April.

(W. R. Fisher, Zoologist 1843: 181; Yarrell, 1845; Riviere, 1930).

History W. R. Fisher (1843) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. I. p. 181, says: 'Richard's Pipit. A third specimen [for Norfolk] was shot on the 24th instant, on the Denes, between Yarmouth and Caistor [sic], and within few days of the time at which one was met with here last year. It was shot by the same person who killed the last specimen, he having instantly recognized its loud note and peculiar manner of walking and feeding.

This bird measured, before it was stuffed, seven inches and five eighths in length, and twelve inches in the extent of its wings. The lower mandible of the beak, when I first saw it, had a purplish tint, which has since changed to a dull red. The second outside tail-feather on each side, described as being in part dull white, and having the brown colour on the inner web extending over a larger surface than in the outside feather, has also, in this bird a black shaft, which, being surrounded with white, forms, when the tail is spread, a very conspicuous mark on each side. The base of the outer web of this feather, of which I enclose a drawing, is also black, and the edges of the quill feathers are light brown.

I found it, upon dissection, to be a male. The gizzard was filled with several species of flies and gnats, amongst which I noticed the remains of the ladybird and of a species of ichneumon.'

Riviere (1930: 34) adds: 'By a curious chance, out of the first six specimens which occurred between the years 1841 and 1869, five were killed by the same gunner, Barnes by name.'

14). 1843 Cornwall Marazion and Penzance, four, shot, undated.

(A. Greenwood, Zoologist 1843: 190; Courtney, 1845; E. H. Rodd, Transactions of the Penzance Natural History Society 1: 410; E. H. Rodd, Zoologist 1870: 2233; J. Clark, Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall 15: 192; Penhallurick, 1978).

History A. Greenwood of Penzance (1843) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. I. p. 190, dated 25th April 1843, says: 'Thinking information respecting so rare a bird as Richard's Pipit would be interesting, I send an account of some captures that have taken place here, as I am not aware they have appeared in any publication. Mr. Vingoe shot four of these birds: two at one shot near Marazion, and two near his own house at Penzance. He states that he saw one perching upon a small rail, though it has been denied that this species ever does perch. Their actions and note he thought similar to those of the other pipits, but perhaps a little approaching to those of the wagtails.

Several ornithologists give the whole length of Richard's Pipit about 6¾ inches, the same as that of the Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus, whereas none of the birds killed here, all of which I have seen, measure less than 7½ inches; and from their tarsi being a little larger in proportion than those of the Rock Pipit, they have a considerable larger and taller appearance than that bird. The following are the measurements of the largest bird of the four: Whole length, 8 inches; from the carpal joint to the end of the wing, 3 inches 11 lines; length of tarsus, 1 inch 2¾ lines; length of bill from centre of nostril, 1 inch 5½ lines; hind toe, 1 inch 6½ lines; hind claw, 1 inch 9 lines. This species appears to be equally rare here and upon the continent: where is its natural habitat?'

Courtney (1845: 27) says: 'Mr. Vingoe has a beautifully preserved specimen of Richardson's [sic] Pipit, which he shot in a field near Penzance. This species is exceedingly rare, and hence the specimen is valuable, for hitherto only two have occurred in the kingdom, and those in the neighbourhood of London.'

E. H. Rodd (1850) in the Transactions of the Penzance Natural History Society, 1st series, Vol. I. p. 410, dated May 1850, says: 'Cornish; rare: several examples killed in Redinnick fields, Penzance, a few years since, but not since observed.' However, J. Clark (1902) in the Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, Vol. XV. p. 192, under 'The Birds of Cornwall', says: 'At least eight specimens have been obtained in Cornwall, including four from Scilly, two from Penzance and two from Falmouth.'

Comment Why Clark only admits two from Penzance we shall never know. Everything else agrees.

18). 1845 Northumberland Town Moor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, first-winter female, shot, 9th or 10th October.

(T. J. Bold, Zoologist 1846: 1210-1211; Hancock, 1874; Howse, 1899; Bolam, 1912).

History Thomas John Bold of Newcastle (1846) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. IV. pp. 1210-1211, undated, says: 'A fine female of Richard's Pipit was shot on Town Moor on the 9th inst. [October].'

Hancock (1874: 58) says: 'The third [for Northumberland] on Newcastle Town Moor, October 10th, 1845; it is now in my collection.'

Howse (1899: 37) in his Index-Catalogue of the Birds in the Hancock Collection, says: 'Case 85. Female Young, in first plumage. Shot at Newcastle Town Moor, Oct., 1845, by Mr. Wm. Davison.'

19). 1851 Isles of Scilly St Mary's, shot, mid to late October.

(E. H. Rodd, Zoologist 1851: 3300; Harting, 1880; J. Clark & F. R. Rodd, Zoologist 1906: 247; H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 1: 113).

History E. H. Rodd of Penzance (1851) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. IX. p. 3300, dated 28th October, 1851, says: 'A specimen of this pipit was shot a few days since at St Mary's, which I have examined in the flesh. It was flushed from a swampy piece of ground, and resembled in flight and manners as much those characters in the wagtails as in the pipits. It is now some years since any have been noticed here.'

Harting, Editor (1880: 48) in Rodd's Birds of Cornwall, says: 'In October 1851 a specimen of the Richard's Pipit was shot at St. Mary's Scilly, and I had the opportunity of examining it in the flesh. In its mode of flight and actions it resembled the wagtails quite as much as its congeners the pipits.'

J. Clark & F. R. Rodd (1906) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. X. p. 247, under 'The Birds of Scilly', says: 'Richard's Pipit is an occasional accidental visitor, one having been killed by Pechell in October, 1849.'

Admitted by H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst (1907) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 113, under 'On the More Important Additions to our Knowledge of British Birds since 1899', who say: 'One shot in October, 1849 (J. Clark and F. R. Rodd, Zool., 1906, p. 247).'

Comment J. Clark & F. R. Rodd must have made a mistake saying this was 1849. Harting, Editor (1880: 300) in Rodd's Birds of Cornwall, list just two records, one for September [1868], and one for October, which must be this record.

20). 1853 Devon Laira Marshes, near Plymouth, shot, 28th January.

(R. A. Julian, Morris and Bree's Naturalist 3: 157-158; D'Urban & Mathew, 1892).

History R. A. Julian of Emmanuel College (1853) in Morris and Bree's edition of The Naturalist, Vol. III. pp. 157-158, dated 3rd March, 1853, says: 'A fine specimen of this rare British species of birds, was shot by my brother in the Laira marshes, near Plymouth, January 28th, 1853. This I think makes the seventh in number that has been obtained in this locality during the last eight years. All of these frequented pasture land, which had not known the plough for probably half a century. My brother describes this bird as being very shy, and its note, which at first attracted his notice, being somewhat more melodious than that of the Sky Lark. November and January are the chief months during which they have been obtained.'

Accepted locally (D'Urban & Mathew 1892: 45).

21). 1861 Dorset Near Weymouth, shot, March, now at County Museum, Dorchester.

(Mansel-Pleydell, 1888; W. R. Thompson, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Society 62: 115; Morrison, 1997).

History Mansel-Pleydell (1888: 39, 2nd ed.) says: 'A rare visitant, which, so far as I am aware, has only twice been met with in this county....One was shot in the neighbourhood of Weymouth.'

Blathwayt (1934) in his 'Revised List of the Birds of Dorset' made no mention of this record and listed one for c.1882 and one for 1883.

W. R. Thompson (1941) in the Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Vol. LXII. p. 115, under 'List of Species of Birds in the Dorset County Museum', says: 'Richard's Pipit near Weymouth, March, 1861 (W. Thompson).'

Morrison (1997: 117) adds: 'Still in the Dorset County Museum, Dorchester.'

22). 1864 Devon Braunton Burrows, female, killed, 30th December.

(G. F. Mathews, Zoologist 1865: 9456; D'Urban & Mathew, 1892; Moore, 1969).

History G. F. Mathews of Raleigh, near Barnstaple (1865) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. XXIII. p. 9456, undated, says: 'I had the good fortune to shoot a fine example of Anthus ricardi on Braunton Burrows on the 30th of December. I was out with one of my brothers for a day's rabbit-shooting, and when walking across one of the flats which occur between the ridges of sand-hills I observed a bird running with great activity among some dead plants of fleabane (Inula dysentarica), and as it seemed to stand much higher on its legs than the common Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis, and altogether to appear considerably larger, I walked towards it to obtain a nearer view, and when I had approached to within about fifty yards it rose and flew a short distance, uttering a loud sharp note quite unknown to me.

I at once perceived it was a stranger, and so drew the large shot I had in my gun, and substituted some smaller, with which I fired at it when it was about fifty yards off, as I wished to kill it clean; however, I only broke one of its legs, and it flew away for a long distance before again alighting, with a dipping flight similar to that of a wagtail. I of course followed it, but it was wild, and kept rising just out of shot, and flying about eighty yards at a time, its wounded leg, no doubt, making it feel very uncomfortable, as I noticed every time it pitched it fluttered a good deal before becoming quiet. I was almost afraid that I should lose it altogether, but at last it settled the other side of a sand-hill, and I was thus able to approach near enough to fire a shot, which this time was more successful, shooting it apparently through the lungs, as the blood flowed freely from its mouth.

Yarrell gives 6¾ inches as the extreme length of the male bird; mine measures 7¾ inches, and is a female. I have compared it with a specimen in the collection of Rev. W. S. Hore, but his is more strongly marked, so probably the one in my possession is a bird of the year.'

Accepted locally (D'Urban & Mathew 1892: 45).

23). 1865 Sussex Hangleton, caught alive, 20th January, now at Booth Museum, Brighton.

(G. D. Rowley, Zoologist 1865: 9466-67; Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond, 1938; James, 1996).

History George Dawson Rowley of Brighton (1865) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. XXIII. pp. 9466-67, dated 21st January, 1865, says: 'Yesterday evening Mr. Swaysland, naturalist, of Brighton, sent up to my house a living specimen of Richard's Pipit to examine. It had been taken in a clap-net, by a bird-catcher, at a place called Toad's Hole, on our downs, one and a half mile from the sea, near Hangleton, Portslade, three miles from Brighton.

The young man who caught it said he was struck by its loud note, and drove it about nearly two hours before he could get it into the net. Ultimately he managed to pull just as it flew across, being put up by sheep feeding in the field. There was nothing to attract it in the net, being an expert hand, he succeeded in a way I have often seen used by birdcatchers, and which astonished me much when I became acquainted with it.

Swaysland and I think the specimen is a male, but we are not positive as to the sex. Its total length is 7½ inches, from tip of front claw to tip of hind claw 2¼ inches. Four outer feathers of its tail had been, as we suppose, shot away, viz., two dark and two light ones; they might have been gone a fortnight; the stumps of new ones were just coming. The two centre short feathers remained. It had twelve feathers before its loss. Its legs strike me as being very long, and the difference in size between it and a Tree Pipit (Anthus arboreus), which I saw by its side, was very great. The wing and general appearance of the bird is quite that of a pipit. It is the head of the pipits, as the common bunting (Emberiza militaria) is the head of the buntings. I particularly remarked the moustache-like marks under the throat, which all the pipits have. Birds killed at this time of year are in better plumage than during the breeding season.

This Anthus ricardi has passed into the collection of Mr. T. J. Monk, jun., of Lewes, Sussex, who came over from that place on purpose to see it alive, which he did, as well as myself. I think there is no possibility of captivity having anything to do with this specimen, being so rare, and conclude that this is a genuine instance of its occurrence. It is the first which has ever come under my own personal observation. I was therefore much pleased to handle and examine a really British-killed Richard's Pipit. Its dimensions, hind claw, &c., exactly agree with Yarrell, and are well known to your readers, therefore I do not repeat them here.'

Accepted locally (Borrer 1891: 106) and as the first for Sussex (Walpole-Bond 1938 (1): 208).

Comment Although most of Swaysland records are suspicious this does seem more genuine, although he did have an aviary within his taxidermy business.

24). 1866 Shropshire Shrawardine, near Shrewsbury, caught alive, October.

(T. Shaw, Field 3rd Nov., 1866: 362; W. Beckwith, Zoologist 1867: 633; W. E. Beckwith, Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological & Natural History Society 2: 374; Forrest, 1899; Smith et al., 2019).

History T. Shaw of Shrewsbury (1866) in The Field of 3rd Nov., Vol. XXVIII. p. 362, says: 'If you think a notice in your paper of the occurrence of the undernamed rare British birds would interest your naturalist readers, I shall be glad if you would give it insertion. The birds are sent to me for preservation: a fine male specimen of Richard's Pipit caught in a lark-net at Shrawardine, near Shrewsbury, and brought to me alive. The occurrence of this species is believed to be extremely rare.'

W. Beckwith of Wellington (1867) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. II. p. 633, dated 15th January, 1867, says: 'Last autumn a Richard's Pipit was killed in this county [Shropshire], and is now in the possession of my friend Mr. T. Bodenham, of Shrewsbury.'

W. E. Beckwith (1879) in the Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological & Natural History Society, Vol. II. p. 374, in a footnote, says: 'It now belongs to Mr. Thomas Dickie, of Pembroke.' It was admitted locally by Forrest (1899: 116).

25). 1866 Norfolk Breydon Water (north), female, shot, 27th December.

(J. G. Overend, Zoologist 1867: 633-634; J. G. Overend, Field 26th Jan., 1867: 58; T. E. Gunn, Zoologist 1867: 634; T. E. Gunn, Naturalist 1867: 161-163; H. Stevenson, Zoologist 1867: 729-730; Babington, 1884-86; Eds., Field 24th Sep., 1887: 486; A. H. Patterson, Zoologist 1900: 402; Patterson, 1905).

History J. G. Overend (1867) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. II. pp. 633, and in The Field of 26th Jan., Vol. XXIX. p. 58, says: 'Richard's Pipit, shot in the marshes by Sergeant Barnes, of our police force, on the 26th December.'

T. E. Gunn (1867) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. II. p. 634, undated, says: 'A female specimen of Richard's Pipit was killed in the vicinity of Yarmouth on the 29th of December last: this is the fourth instance on record of the occurrence of this rare species in Norfolk. The above rarity came into my hands for preservation.'

H. Stevenson of Norwich (1867) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. II. pp. 729-730, dated 14th March 1867, says: 'The rarity of the season is unquestionably a specimen of this rare pipit, shot on the north side of Breydon water on the 27th of December, 1866. It is so seldom that an opportunity offers for examining this species in the flesh, and the measurements, as given by authors, vary so considerably, that I append those taken by myself and Mr. Gunn, who stuffed it: - Length from tip of beak to end of tail, 8¼ inches; wing from carpal joint to end of longest quill, 3 and a third inches; extent from tip to tip of wings, 12¼ inches; beak along the upper mandible, five eighths of an inch; tail 3¾ inches; tarsi, 1¼ inches; middle toe and claw, 1¼ inches; hind claw only, seven eighths of an inch; hind claw with toe, 1¾ inches.

This bird on dissection proved to be a female, and the stomach contained fragments of small beetles and grit. This is the fourth specimen obtained in Norfolk, all of them having been procured in the neighbourhood of Yarmouth. The three previous examples were all shot on the Dene, between Yarmouth and Caistor [sic]; the first on the 22nd of November 1841, the next in the following April, and the third on 24th of April, 1843 (see Zool. 181).'

Babington (1884-86: 70) says: 'One shot on the marshes at Yarmouth, Dec., 26, 1866 (J. G. Overend in Z. 2nd ser, p. 633). Another, a female, killed in the neighbourhood Dec. 29, 1866 (T. E. Gunn in Z. 2nd ser. 634). One from Breydon Dec. 27, 1866, in Mr. Stevenson's collection. All these were shot by Sergeant Barnes (H. Stevenson in litt.).'

In an Editorial (1887) in The Field of 24th Sep., Vol. LXX. p. 486, they say: 'On the 12th inst. Messrs. Spelman sold by auction, at Norwich, the collection of Norfolk birds formed by Mr. H. Stephenson [sic], the well-known ornithologist. Among the buyers were Mr. T. Southwell, representing the Norfolk and Norwich Museum, and Mr. Tuke, representing the Saffron Walden Museum. Among the principal lots sold during the day the following may be mentioned: Richard's Pipit, taken at Yarmouth in 1866, £3.10s. (Mr. Upcher).'

A. H. Patterson (1900) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. IV. p. 402, under 'Birds of Great Yarmouth', quoting from Babington, says: 'One, marshes at Yarmouth, Dec. 26th, 1866; another, Dec. 27th; a third, Dec. 29th.'

Riviere (1930: 34) adds: 'By a curious chance, out of the first six specimens which occurred between the years 1841 and 1869, five were killed by the same gunner, Barnes by name.'

Comment It would appear that Babington has made three records out of the one in 1866, as Stevenson clearly says: the one taken on the 29th December was the fourth record for Norfolk; three having been obtained in the 1840s. One can easily understand why after reading the above.

26). 1867 Sussex Near Brighton, obtained, 9th October, now at the Booth Museum, Brighton.

(G. D. Rowley, Field 19th Oct., 1867: 312; T. J. Monk, Zoologist 1867: 1017; Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond-1938).

History George Dawson Rowley of Brighton (1867) in The Field of 19th Oct., Vol. XXX. p. 312, says: 'On Wednesday, Oct. 9, Mr. Swaysland, the naturalist in the Queen's Road, sent me a fine Richard's Pipit, alive. This had just been caught by a boy in a clap net, about two miles from Brighton, and is the third example we have had. Of the two former, one was taken Jan. 20, 1865, and appeared in The Zoologist of March the same year, p. 9466. A notice of the other, killed Nov. 10, 1866, may be in found in The Field of the following Saturday, 17th. Curiously enough, both these had defective tail feathers; not so the present one, which has just finished its moult, and is in capital plumage, bright and good. Two were seen, probably a pair; one escaped. According to the little Sussex bird catcher, their call was loud, and like a thrush. I do not here repeat the measurements of this scarce bird, but only remark that it appears to be on the increase in this country, where I have been an observer of such things for many years, and only lately have received these birds in the flesh. Now, however, I could name several instances of its appearance in other places.'

T. J. Monk of Lewes (1867) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. II. p. 1017, dated 22nd October, 1867, says: 'The following rare birds have reached Mr. Swaysland for preservation: - Richard's Pipit on the 9th of October.'

Accepted locally (Borrer 1891: 106) and by Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 208) who adds: 'It was originally in Monk's collection but is now in the Booth Museum, Brighton.'

Comment The sight record lacks adequate details and is unacceptable.

27). 1868 Isles of Scilly Tresco, three, shot, 19th September.

(E. H. Rodd, Zoologist 1868: 1458; Harting, 1880; H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 1: 113).

History E. H. Rodd of Penzance (1868) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. III. p. 1458, dated 19th September, 1868, says: 'Three Richard's Pipits were sent at the same time [as a Tawny Pipit shot today], and two Tree Pipits. The three species bore an interesting comparison when lying side by side.'

Harting, Editor (1880: 48) in Rodd's Birds of Cornwall, says: 'Three examples of this bird were shot at Trescoe, Scilly, by Mr. A. Pechell, on September 19th, 1868.'

Admitted by H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst (1907) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 113, under 'On the More Important Additions to our Knowledge of British Birds since 1899'.

30). 1868 Kent Near Dover, immature male, shot, 21st October.

(C. Gordon, Zoologist 1868: 1458; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History Charles Gordon, Curator of Dover Museum (1868) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. III. p. 1458, dated 23rd October, 1868, says: 'On the 21st of October I shot a most superb specimen of Richard's Pipit in a corn-field in the environs of Dover: it attracted my attention by its loud call. The specimen is in good condition, having just completed its moult: its length is seven and three-quarters inches, and its weight an ounce and a half, less one scruple. On dissection the bird proved to be a male.'

Ticehurst (1909: 105-106) says: 'I am here able to chronicle seven reputed Kent specimens, and though possibly from their origin a certain amount of doubt may attach to the first three, the others are undoubtedly authentic....The specimen in the Dover Museum was shot by Gordon in a cornfield near that town on the 21st October 1868....Like the other two Dover specimens, it is an immature bird in fresh autumn plumage.'

Comment First acceptable record for Kent.

31). 1868 Sussex Near Brighton, four, shot, November.

(T. W. Wanfor, Zoologist 1869: 1513; G. D. Rowley, Field 14th Nov., 1868: 398; Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History T. W. Wanfor of Brighton (1869) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. IV. p. 1513, says: 'Four specimens of Richard's Pipit have been shot in the neighbourhood of Brighton within the last month (November).'

G. Dawson Rowley of Brighton (1868) in The Field of 14th Nov., Vol. XXXII. p. 398, says: 'Another Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi) was taken in a clap net the same day [9th November], making the fourth we have had within a week or two.'

Borrer (1891: 106) says: 'I have in my own collection one in summer plumage, taken on March 17th, 1869, on Clayton Hill, and two others also obtained near Brighton, but I cannot now give the dates.'

Admitted locally by Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 208) who adds: 'Borrer erroneously implied that the year was 1869.'

Comment Presumably these notices refer to these individuals.

35). 1869 Devon Braunton Burrows, first-winter male, shot, 4th January.

(G. F. Mathew, Zoologist 1869: 1561; D'Urban & Mathew, 1892; Moore, 1969).

History Gervase F. Mathew of Barnstaple (1869) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. IV. p. 1561, dated 5th January, 1869, says: 'I shot a beautiful specimen of this fine species yesterday on Braunton Marsh, within a quarter of a mile of the spot where I killed one about three years ago [1864]. It is a young male of the year, and evidently a late bird as the gape is very large, soft and yellow. I was attracted to it by its loud and peculiar note. Yarrell gives six inches and three quarters as the whole length of the male bird: mine must be an extra large one, as it measures a trifle over seven inches and a quarter.'

Accepted locally (D'Urban & Mathew 1892: 45) while Moore (1969) says: 'Three others were shot on Braunton Burrows, one in December 1864, and the other two in January and December of 1872.'

Comment Moore erroneously states 1872 with the January record clearly in 1869.

36). 1869 Cornwall Trescobeas Estate, Budock, two, shot, 12th January.

(Anon., Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society Report 37: 85; Penhallurick, 1978).

History Anon. (1869) in the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society Report, Vol. XXXVII. p. 85, it says: 'A brace of these very rare birds, shot January 12th, 1869, by Capt. Mansell's son, in a field on the Trescobeas Estate, Parish of Budock. One in the possession of Dr. W. K. Bullmore, the other in the collection of Howard Fox, Esq.'

38). 1869 Sussex Clayton Hill, near Brighton, caught, 12th March, now at Booth Museum, Brighton.

(T. W. Wanfor, Zoologist 1869: 1683; Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond, 1938; James, 1996).

History T. W. Wanfor of Brighton (1869) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. IV. p. 1683, undated, says: 'A specimen of this bird in summer plumage was taken on Clayton Hill, near Brighton, on March 12th, and sold to Pratt, the naturalist, who has mounted it for Mr. Borrer's collection.'

Borrer (1891: 106) says: 'I have in my own collection one in summer plumage, taken on March 17th, 1869, on Clayton Hill, and two others also obtained near Brighton, but I cannot now give the dates.'

Booth (1901: 214, 3rd ed.) says: 'Three specimens from the Borrer Collection caught in lark-nets on Clayton Hill, Sussex, 1869. One of them, in summer plumage, was obtained March 17th, 1869).'

Accepted locally by Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 209) who adds, it was acquired by Borrer, who in his Birds of Sussex, labelled it 17th March. It was acquired by the Booth Museum, Brighton, on his death, where I eventually got the museum to label the date correctly.'

39). 1869 Sussex Near Brighton, eleven, all caught, between early September to 6th December.

(F. Bond, Zoologist 1869: 1984; E. T. Booth, Field 9th Oct., 1869: 305; Borrer, 1891; Booth, 1901; Walpole-Bond, 1938; des Forges & Harber, 1963).

History Frederick Bond of South Hampstead, London (1869) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. IV. p. 1984, dated 15th December, 1869, says: 'I think the following list of birds, all taken (except the Serin Finch) near Brighton, between September of the present year and the 6th of December, are worth recording in The Zoologist. I have seen every one of the birds except the Shore Lark.

Richard's Pipit. The first specimen was taken in the first week of September, the last on the 6th of December. In all I have seen eleven specimens, six of them I saw alive; some of them are doing well in confinement.'

E. T. Booth of Brighton (1869) in The Field of 9th Oct., Vol. XXXIV. p. 305, says: 'During the past week Mr. Swaysland, of Brighton, has received from the local birdcatchers two Richard's Pipits....The first caught pipit is already so tame that it will take mealworms from the hand; the second is more recently caught, but is in a very healthy condition.'

Accepted locally (Borrer 1891: 107).

Booth (1901: 214, 3rd ed.) says: 'Three specimens from the Borrer Collection caught in lark-nets on Clayton Hill, Sussex, 1869.'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 209-210) says: '1869, First week of September to December 6th.- During this period at least eleven of these strangers - all of which, six having been alive, were examined on Pratt's premises at Brighton by Mr. F. Bond in January, 1870 - were secured in the vicinity of the town just mentioned. I was obliged to say: "at least", because it is just possible that the two examples recorded by Booth as having been obtained near Brighton in the first week of October (1869) were not of the above; as may also have been the case with the living specimen (he did not say how many) seen by Mr. T. W. Wonfor (in 1869) brought into Swaysland's shop at Brighton by bird-catchers during, in my opinion, the month last named.

Of course, if Wonfor's birds are the same as some of Bond's - I am assuming that Wonfor saw fewer specimens than he - Pratt clearly acquired some (or all) of Swaysland's trophies. Bond, remember, examined Pratt's bird; some time after Wonfor did Swaysland's. Borrer's two (owned) dateless "Richard's", which have already given more trouble than they are worth, must, I know, be reckoned amongst Bond's eleven. This I ascertained from Mr. A. F. Griffith, who, in turn, derived his information from Pratt's progenitors' note-books.

These two birds were caught at Shoreham (Borrer loosely said "near Brighton") during November (1869), and shortly after Borrer's death were acquired - along with his remaining specimen of this Pipit, the March Clayton Hill bird already disposed of - by the Booth Museum (Brighton).

It is a pity that Griffith did not get at the true history of the brace in question before preparing the Catalogues (of the birds in the museum mentioned) in which they figure.

As it is, in the third editions all three specimens (this, of course, includes the March Clayton one) are, as to locality, labelled Clayton Hill, and, as to date, merely 1869. From later editions one of the trio has vanished though not, as I chance to know, the real Clayton example. Both survivors, however, are given as from this spot, whilst March 17th has been added to the year, save in the Supplement to the 5th edition, wherein (p. 278) at my prompting (unacknowledged, I note) things were put straight.

Once and for all, then, although it means repetition, let us get details perfectly clear. The Museum originally had three Borrer "Richard's". Of these, one was caught at Clayton on March 12th, 1869, whilst the other two came from Shoreham in the November of the same year. What a rigmarole it has all been, but I just had to make matters shipshape.'

des Forges & Harber (1963: 151) in accepting this record add that twenty were obtained during the 1860s with eleven of them in one year.

Comment Of the three Booth mentions one was caught in March and is recorded separately. Although Swaysland, who has been discredited (A. H. J. Harrop, British Birds 112: 89-98), is mentioned here, the record is allowed to stand, with six of them being seen at Pratt's, taxidemtists.

50). 1869 Norfolk Near Great Yarmouth, two: male, shot, 1st December; male, shot, 14th December.

(H. Stevenson, Zoologist 1870: 2066-2067; J. G. Overend, Field 5th Feb., 1870: 115).

History H. Stevenson of Norwich (1870) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. V. pp. 2066-2067, undated, says: 'The rarity of the season consists of two specimens of this fine pipit, killed, as all others have been in Norfolk, in the neighbourhood of Yarmouth, and, strange to say, by the same individual (Sergeant Barnes, late of the Police Force) who has killed three previous specimens.

The first, which proved to be a male, was shot on the 1st of December; the second, also a male, on the 14th; both are in perfect plumage, but one is, I imagine, a somewhat older bird than the other, and agrees exactly with a Yarmouth specimen in the Norwich Museum, also killed in the winter. One of the hind claws in the bird obtained on the 1st of December, measured exactly one inch, and was so fine at the point that one cannot wonder that this claw should be so often found imperfect; and not only the length but the curvature of the claw varies much in different examples. I was unfortunately absent from home at the time, and missed the opportunity of examining these birds in the flesh, but my friend Mr. Southwell and Mr. Gunn together dissected the first, and took its measurements in the flesh, and Mr. Gunn did the same with the second bird; and the results of their examinations, which have been kindly placed at my disposal, are embodied in the following table, to which Mr. Gunn has added the measurements of a Richard's Pipit killed at Yarmouth in 1866, taken by himself at that time, and also the comparative measurements of examples of the Rock, Tree and Meadow Pipits, and of two recently-killed Shore Larks.

1st December bird: total length, 8 inches; extent of wings, 12⅜ inches; wing from flexure, 3¾ inches; bill along ridge, ½ of an inch; tarsus, 1 and three sixteenths inches; middle toe and claw, 1 and one sixteenths inches; hinder claw, 1 inch. 14th December bird: total length, 8⅛ inches; extent of wings, 12⅞ inches; wing from flexure, 3? inches; bill along ridge, ½ of an inch; tarsus, 1¼ inches; middle toe and claw, 1 and three thirty-second inches; hinder claw, ¾ inch.'

John G. Overend (1870) in The Field of 5th Feb., Vol. XXXV. p. 115, says: 'James Carter, the taxidermist in this town [Great Yarmouth], has had the following specimens in for preservation, with two or three exceptions since October last - viz: - ...Richard's Pipits, one shot Dec. 1, and another on Dec. 14, by Sergt. Barnes, late of our police force. The sergeant appears to be the only shot in this district who understands the flight of these beautiful birds, he having shot four within the last dozen years.'

52). 1869 Devon Braunton Burrows, shot, 8th December.

(G. F. Mathew, Zoologist 1872: 2919; D'Urban & Mathew, 1892; Moore, 1969).

History Gervase F. Mathew (1872) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. VII. p. 2919, in the February, 1872 issue, says: 'December 8th [1869]. A dull, disagreeable morning, with a strong breeze from the south-east. Started by the ten o'clock train for Instow, from whence I crossed by boat to Braunton Burrows. On arriving near the spot where on a former occasion I procured a Richard's Pipit, I kept a sharp look-out, and had not proceeded very far through a dense bed of sea-rushes before I heard the unmistakable note of the species. It was close at hand, and in a moment or two I flushed it. It flew a short distance, and alighted on an open spot, where I shot it. It proved to be a larger example than the two previously obtained, and in slightly better plumage. This bird is becoming tolerably common in England. I have little doubt many more might be found at Braunton, and should not be surprised to hear it has been discovered breeding there.'

Accepted locally by D'Urban & Mathew (1892: 45) who stated it as occurring on December 8th, 1869, while Moore (1969) says: 'Three others were shot on Braunton Burrows, one in December 1864, and the other two in January and December of 1872.'

Comment Moore erroneously states 1872 with the December record clearly in 1869.

53). 1874-75 Sussex Portslade-by-Sea, shot, winter, now at the Booth Museum, Brighton.

(N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 5: 119; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History N. F. Ticehurst (1911) in British Birds, Vol. V. p. 119, in a review of Catalogue of Cases of Birds in the Dyke Road Museum, Brighton. By E. T. Booth; with further notes by A. F. Griffith, says: 'The most important additions since the publication of the supplement, appear to be the...Besides these, there are a few that do not appear to have been previously recorded, viz: - Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi). - Two adults shot by the late Mr. Malcolm J. Wykeham-Martin at Aldrington Basins, Sussex, prior to December, 1889, and bequeathed by him to the collection in 1911.'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 210) says: '1874-75, (?) winter. During this period two "Richard's" were shot by the Rev. H. C. Bennett, one just to the east of the Aldrington Basins [now West Hove: J.W.-B.], and the other on the path between the canal and the tidal water opposite Portslade. Mr. Bennet gave them to Mr. M. J. Wykeham-Martin, by whom they were bequeathed to the Booth Museum, Brighton (vide 5th ed. of Cat. to this museum, 1927, p. 223). When first these birds arrived at the museum, it was only known that they were of Sussex obtaining prior to December, 1889 (See Guide to the museum, 1911, p. 59).'

54). 1874-75 Sussex West Hove, shot, winter, now at the Booth Museum, Brighton.

(N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 5: 119; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 210) says: '1874-75, (?) winter. During this period two "Richard's" were shot by the Rev. H. C. Bennett, one just to the east of the Aldrington Basins [now West Hove: J.W.-B.], and the other on the path between the canal and the tidal water opposite Portslade. Mr. Bennet gave them to Mr. M. J. Wykeham-Martin, by whom they were bequeathed to the Booth Museum, Brighton (vide 5th ed. of Cat. to this museum, 1927, p. 223). When first these birds arrived at the museum, it was only known that they were of Sussex obtaining prior to December, 1889 (See Guide to the museum, 1911, p. 59).'

55). 1880 Perth & Kinross Dalguise, Perthshire, shot, 2nd August, now at Perth Museum and Art Gallery (PERGM 1978.188.1182).

(J. G. Millais, Zoologist 1886: 26-27; Saunders, 1899; Harvie-Brown, 1906; T. Wallace, Transactions of the Inverness Scientific Society and Field Club 1906-12 (7): 384; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953; Forrester & Andrews et al., 2007).

History J. Guille Millais of Palace Gate, London (1886) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. X. pp. 26-27, says: 'I wish to record, through the medium of your pages, the occurrence in Scotland of two rare birds in my collection which have not been previously recorded - namely, the American Golden Plover, Charadrius virginicus, and Richard's Pipit, Anthus richardi....The Richard's Pipit, Anthus richardi, I shot myself on August 2nd, 1880, at Dalguise, a small village about seven miles north of Dunkeld. I used to go every year and shoot young Oystercatchers and Curlews along the Tay, on the island opposite Dalguise House, where they breed in large numbers; and to reach the river from the road it is necessary to follow a small brook and climb a paling. There were always numbers of Meadow Pipits there, and that day proved no exception; but sitting amongst them was a bird which I at first took to be a Lark, but standing so high on its legs I thought it seemed rather curious, so I shot it, and having skinned it, put it in my collection amongst my Larks, not knowing then that there was such a bird as Richard's Pipit.'

Saunders (1899: 139, 2nd ed.) says: 'In Scotland the only authenticated example is one obtained by Mr. J. G. Millais, near Dunkeld, on August 2nd, 1880.' It was accepted locally (Harvie-Brown 1906: 101).

Thomas Wallace (1906-12 ) in the Transactions of the Inverness Scientific Society and Field Club, Vol. VII. p. 384, says: 'The only one ever seen in Scotland was one obtained by J. G. Millais, near Dunkeld, 1880.'

Nationally, Baxter & Rintoul (1953 (1): 104) say: 'Shot at Dalguise, Perthshire, on 2nd August 1880', while Forrester & Andrews et al. (2007 (2): 100) add that the specimen is now at Perth Museum and Art Gallery as part of the Millais collection (PERGM 1978.188.1182).

Comment There are only five August records to date, the last being in 2000. The 2nd is by far and away the earliest. The next is of a single record for the 14th and two records on the 22nd, plus two more later in the month.

56). 1882 Dorset Ringstead, shot, autumn.

(Mansel-Pleydell, 1888; Boys, 1973; Green, 2004).

History Mansel-Pleydell (1888: 39, 2nd ed.) says: 'A rare visitant, which, so far as I am aware, has only twice been met with in this county....One was shot...at Ringstead in the autumn of 1882, by the late Mr. H. Pickard Cambridge.'

Still admitted by F. L. Blathwayt (1934) in the Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Vol. LV. p. 171, under 'A Revised List of the Birds of Dorset', who adds: 'One shot Ringstead about 1882.'

57). 1887 Sussex Rottingdean, female, obtained, 17th October, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1924Z18.3540).

(Watson, 2010).

History Watson (2010) in detailing the R. W. Chase collection in the Birmingham Museum lists this specimen and quoting from his Notebooks adds that it was received in the flesh from Pratt & Son, stuffed by J. Cullingford. Weight 1 1/4 oz.; length, tip of bill to end of tail 7 3/4"; expanse of wings 12". Exhibited at Birmingham Nat. Hist. Soc. 18.10.1887.

58). 1887 Staffordshire Hednesford, adult male, obtained, 21st October, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1924Z18.3541).

(Smith, 1939; Harrison et al., 1982; Harrison & Harrison, 2005; Watson, 2010).

History Smith (1939: 66) says: 'An adult male Richard's Pipit which was taken near Hednesford on October 21st, 1887, passed into the possession of Mr. R. W. Chase.'

Watson (2010) in detailing the R. W. Chase collection in the Birmingham Museum lists this specimen and quoting from his Notebooks adds that it was C. Franklin who brought this bird in the flesh for me to identify, from whom I purchased it.

59). 1887 West Midlands King's Norton, Worcestershire, female, obtained, 11th November, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1924Z18.3542).

(Watson, 2010).

History Watson (2010) in detailing the R. W. Chase collection in the Birmingham Museum lists this specimen and quoting from his Notebooks adds that it was taken with some larks in Broad-meadow opposite James Baldwin's house. Received in the flesh from Spicer.

60). 1889 Kent Near Dover, immature, caught, November.

(W. O. Hammond, Zoologist 1890: 18; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History W. Oxenden Hammond of Wingham (1890) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XIV. p. 18, undated, says: 'I obtained a specimen of Richard's Pipit about the middle of November last. It was caught by a birdcatcher near Dover, but, in pulling the net over, one of the rods struck and killed the bird.'

Ticehurst (1909: 105-106) says: 'I am here able to chronicle seven reputed Kent specimens, and though possibly from their origin a certain amount of doubt may attach to the first three, the others are undoubtedly authentic....Another, now in the Hammond collection at Canterbury, was obtained from one of the Dover bird-catchers in the middle of November, 1889. It was caught near the latter town....Like the other two Dover specimens, it is an immature bird in fresh autumn plumage.'

Comment The second acceptable record for Kent.

61). 1890 Norfolk Breydon Water, seen, September.

(B. Dye, Zoologist 1907: 429).

History B. Dye (1907) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. XI. p. 429, says: '...I once saw one of these large Pipits searching for food amongst the aquatic herbage which grows on the rands on the north side of Breydon in September, 1890. I noticed how extremely active it was in its movements. A Lark being near, I had a fine opportunity of observing the two species at one view.'

62). 1890 Kent Dover, immature, trapped, 21st October, now at Rochester Museum.

(Ticehurst, 1909).

History Ticehurst (1909: 105-106) says: 'I am here able to chronicle seven reputed Kent specimens, and though possibly from their origin a certain amount of doubt may attach to the first three, the others are undoubtedly authentic....There is, however, a genuine specimen in his (Prentis) collection, now in the Rochester Museum, which he purchased from Gordon, and which was netted by Chatwin, the Dover bird-catcher, on the cliffs above Dover on the 21st of October, 1890. Like the other two Dover specimens, it is an immature bird in fresh autumn plumage.'

63). 1891 Cumbria Bowness-on-Solway, seen, September.

(Macpherson, 1892).

History Macpherson (1892: 115) says: 'In September 1891, I flushed one of these Pipits twice on the coast at Bowness on Solway. It was twice marked down, and once it rose almost at my feet, so that the Rev. F. O. Pickard-Cambridge had a good view of it as well as myself. We marked it down, as we thought a third time, but when the only gun in the party came up with us the Richard's Pipit had disappeared. It was a very different bird from a Skylark, long and slender in shape, and much brighter in colour. The tail of this Pipit looks long in flight. Most likely this Pipit had arrived in a flock of Wheatears which frequented the same ground. When I worked over the identical bit of rough marshy ground two days later, I found that both the Wheatears and the Richard's Pipit had disappeared.'

Comment It would be safer to reject a sighting of this then difficult species, but with ornithologists' of this stature the record is allowed to stand.

64). 1893 Sussex Shoreham-by-Sea, shot, 18th November.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 210) says: '1893, November 18th. A "Richard's" was shot at Shoreham-by-Sea, and then taken to Wells, the Worthing taxidermist, who apprised me of the event. I take it that Wells knew what he was talking about.'

65). 1894 Norfolk Great Yarmouth, caught alive, 11th December, now at Castle Museum, Norwich.

(J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1895: 102; A. H. Patterson, Zoologist 1900: 402; Patterson, 1905).

History J. H. Gurney, jun., of Norwich (1895) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XIX. p. 102, says: 'December 11th. A Richard's Pipit was caught at Caistor [sic], as I am informed by Mr. G. Smith, at whose house it was at the time of writing, thriving on mealworms. It however, soon died, and was presented by Lord Lilford to the Norwich Museum.'

Admitted by A. H. Patterson (1900) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. IV. p. 402, under 'Birds of Great Yarmouth'.

66). 1898 Cumbria Edderside Moss, near Allonby, shot, 10th October, now at Tullie House Museum, Carlisle.

(H. A. Macpherson, Ibis 1899: 155-156; E. Blezard, Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society 6: 36).

History H. A. Macpherson of Allonby Vicarage (1899) in The Ibis, Vol. XLI. pp. 155-156, dated 14th November 1898, says: 'It may interest our brethren of the B. O. U. to learn that a specimen of Anthus richardi was winged on Edderside Moss, near Allonby, on Oct. 10th, by Mr. Tom Williamson, who took it alive to his uncles, Messrs. Mann of Aigle Gill. I identified the specimen on the following day, when it appeared to be doing well; but it died from its gunshot-wound three days later.'

Ernest Blezard (1943) in the Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society, Vol. VI. p. 36, says: 'There have been three later occurrences [since 1892] in the Solway Region. A Richard's Pipit, now in the Carlisle Museum, was shot by T. Williamson on Edderside Moss on 10 October 1898 (Vict. Hist. Cumb., Vol. I. p. 185).'

67). 1903 Isles of Scilly Porth Hellick, St Mary's, two, seen, 16th May.

(J. Clark & F. R. Rodd, Zoologist 1906: 247; H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 1: 113; Penhallurick, 1978).

History J. Clark & F. R. Rodd (1906) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. X. p. 247, under 'The Birds of Scilly', says: 'On May 16th, 1903, a pair were watched for a considerable time flying backwards and forwards over the marshes at Porthellick Bay, near Holy Vale, St. Mary's.'

Admitted by H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst (1907) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 113, under 'On the More Important Additions to our Knowledge of British Birds since 1899'.

69). 1903 At sea Sea area Thames, Kentish Knock Lightship, 43 km E of Holliwell Point, Essex, immature male, killed at lantern, 25th September.

(W. E. Clarke, Ibis 1904: 137; H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 1: 113; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History W. E. Clarke (1904) in The Ibis, Vol. XLVI. p. 137, says: 'A male in first plumage was captured at the lantern at 3 a.m. on Sept. 25th during a considerable movement of summer birds. Most unfortunately its tail was lost in the process of capture. Except as regards the bill, this species has a most remarkably lark-like appearance, and this, together with its very dark plumage and want of tail, tended to make it very difficult to determine, and I have to thank Mr. Hartert for its final identification.'

Admitted by H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst (1907) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 113, under 'On the More Important Additions to our Knowledge of British Birds since 1899'. Admitted locally by Ticehurst (1909: 106) for Kent.

70). 1906 Cornwall The Lizard, seen, 18th September.

(C. B. Rickett, British Birds 1: 155).

History C. B. Rickett (1907) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 155, says: 'On 18th September, 1906, I saw an example of Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi), at the Lizard (Cornwall). It was feeding among some debris at the foot of a cliff, and allowed me to approach it very closely.'

71). 1907 Norfolk Blakeney Point, male, shot, 12th October.

(C. Borrer, Field 16th Nov., 1907: 887; J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1908: 130-131; Eds., British Birds 1: 264; C. Borrer, British Birds 12: 89-90; Pashley, 1925).

History Clifford Borrer of Chelsea (1907) in The Field of 16th Nov., Vol. CX. p. 887, says: 'It may interest some of your naturalist readers to learn that I shot a Richard's Pipit on the Norfolk coast on Oct. 12. It was a male bird, and the keeper killed a female of the same species close to the spot a few days later.'

J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1908) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. XII. pp. 130-131, says: 'October 12th. During the recent S.E. gale a flock of Richard's Pipits would seem to have been blown to the coast of Norfolk. On the 12th, the day that the first was seen, the Rev. M. C. Bird speaks of "trips" of Larks passing, and both they and the Pipits have come from the north of Denmark, and been part of the passage which was observed here, but in that case they were not flying with the wind. The first one was brought to Mr. Pashley's house on the 12th (S.W. 4).'

Admitted in an Editorial (1908) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 264, who say: 'A male was shot on the "Norfolk coast" on 12th October.'

Clifford Borrer (1918) in British Birds, Vol. XII. pp. 89-90, says: 'In the Review of my friend Mr. W. Rowan's 'Annotated List of the Birds of Blakeney Point' (antea, p. 71), the question is raised as to the date on which the specimens of Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi) were obtained. The following details may therefore be of some interest, as curiously enough, the bird turned up in four successive years there, and there are no previous or subsequent records that I am aware of. It must be remembered that Mr. Rowan's list simply deals with Blakeney Point, and I hope after the war to be able to publish notes referring to the whole of the harbour, including Cley and Salthouse levels.

The first occurrence of Richard's Pipit took place on October 12th, 1907. I shot this bird myself towards dusk, about 300 yards east of where the Point actually leaves the beach.'

Pashley (1925) says: '1907. October 12th. Mr. C. Borrer got a Richard's Pipit.'

Comment Preserved by H. N. Pashley of Cley, Norfolk.

72). 1907 Norfolk Blakeney Point, female, obtained, 14th October.

(C. Borrer, Field 16th Nov., 1907: 887; J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1908: 131; Eds., British Birds 1: 264; C. Borrer, British Birds 12: 89-90; Pashley, 1925).

History Clifford Borrer of Chelsea 91907) in The Field of 16th Nov., Vol. CX. p. 887, says: 'It may interest some of your naturalist readers to learn that I shot a Richard's Pipit on the Norfolk coast on Oct. 12. It was a male bird, and the keeper killed a female of the same species close to the spot a few days later.'

J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1908) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. XII. p. 131, says: '...The first one was brought to Mr. Pashley's house on the 12th (S.W. 4), and another during the high wind on the 14th (S. 6); these two were ascertained by Mr. Pashley to be male and female, and I should say: one was in active moult, the other through it.'

Admitted in an Editorial (1908) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 264, who say: 'A female was shot on the "Norfolk coast" a few days later [than 12th October].'

Pashley (1925) says: '1907. October 14th. Another Richard's Pipit.'

Comment Preserved by H. N. Pashley of Cley, Norfolk.

73). 1907 Norfolk Great Yarmouth, caught, 22nd October.

(B. Dye, Zoologist 1907: 428-429; J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1907: 132; Eds., British Birds 1: 264).

History B. Dye (1907) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. XI. pp. 428-429, says: 'An example of Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi) was netted on the North Denes at Yarmouth on October 22nd, and is now in the possession of Mr. W. Lowne. A few other specimens have previously been reported here at long intervals. The first one recorded for Norfolk was obtained in the same locality in November, 1841.

Although an autumnal migrant, it is sparingly met with in Great Britain; yet it is freely distributed in the southern parts of Europe during the winter. I once saw one of these large Pipits searching for food amongst the aquatic herbage which grows on the rands on the north side of Breydon in September, 1890. I noticed how extremely active it was in its movements. A Lark being near, I had a fine opportunity of observing the two species at one view.'

J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1908) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. XII. p. 132, says: 'October 22nd. S.W., 3. A Richard's Pipit taken by a birdcatcher on Yarmouth denes, being taken to Mr. Lowne, at once began to feed on mealworms offered to it. Mr. Lowne describes it as being not yet through its moult, stumps of feathers showing on the sides and head.' It was admitted in an Editorial (1908) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 264.

74). 1907 Norfolk Blakeney Point, shot, 15th November, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1954Z1.1050).

(J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1908: 131; C. Borrer, British Birds 12: 89-90; Pashley, 1925; Watson, 2010).

History J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1908) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. XII. p. 131, says: 'On Nov. 15th, wind W, 2, another was identified in the same locality on or near the shore.'

The following details may therefore be of some interest, as curiously enough, the bird turned up in four successive years there, and there are no previous or subsequent records that I am aware of. It must be remembered that Mr. Rowan's list simply deals with Blakeney Point, and I hope after the war to be able to publish notes referring to the whole of the harbour, including Cley and Salthouse levels....while two others were killed on November 15th and 21st. Of these one passed into the collection of Mr. F. I. Richards, while that shot by Holman on November 15th was acquired by the late Mr. Connop and is now in Mr. Lysaght's possession.'

Pashley (1925) says: '1907. November 15th. A Richard's Pipit.'

Watson (2010) in detailing the W. R. Lysaght collection in the Birmingham Museum lists a female specimen from Cley, Norfolk, that was obtained on 15th November 1907, without further detail.

75). 1907 Norfolk Blakeney Point, female, obtained, 21st November.

(N. F. Richardson, Field 4th Apr., 1908: 583; J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1908: 131; Eds., British Birds 1: 387; C. Borrer, British Birds 12: 89-90; Pashley, 1925).

History Norman F. Richardson of Manor Road, Forest Hill (1908) in The Field of 4th Apr., Vol. CXI. p. 583, says: 'On Nov. 21 last I shot a female specimen of Richard's Pipit in Norfolk, which is now in my collection.'

J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1908) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. XII. p. 131, says: '...and on the 21st [Nov.] another. There loud call-note in the air sometimes betrays their presence, even when the bird itself is still far away.'

In an Editorial (1908) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 387, they say: 'Mr. Norman F. Richardson writes that he shot in "Norfolk" on November 21st, 1907, a female Anthus richardi (Field, April 4th, 1908, p . 583). Two others were recorded from the Norfolk coast in the previous month (vide supra, p. 264).'

Pashley (1925) says: '1907. November 15th. A Richard's Pipit, and a second example on the 21st (Mr. Richardson).'

76). 1908 Fair Isle No locality, male, seen, 26th to 30th September when shot.

(W. E. Clarke, Annals of Scottish Natural History 1909: 72; Clarke, 1912; Pennington et al., 2004).

History Wm. Eagle Clarke (1909) in the Annals of Scottish Natural History, Vol. XVIII. p. 72, says: 'Several of this summer visitor to central and southern Europe appeared on the island this autumn. They frequented the crofts and open grass lands, and were extremely wary and difficult to approach. This species has only once previously been recorded for Scotland, namely, near Dunkeld in the early autumn of 1880.'

Clarke (1912 (2): 88) under 'A Year at Fair Isle' in George Stout's diary of 1908, says: '30th September 1908. Richard's Pipit, male found in a patch of potatoes, and alighted on wire fence; its note was loud and single; flight undulating, like that of Tree Pipit, and not jerky like the Meadow's Pipit's.'

Further, p. 123, Clarke adds: 'Several of this summer visitor to Central Europe appeared on the island in the autumn of 1908. It was first noticed, as a shy stranger, about 26th September; but its identity was not solved until the 30th, when a male was shot.'

Comment Only one bird recorded with detail.

77). 1908 Norfolk Near Cley-next-the-Sea, obtained, 1st October.

(Pashley, 1925).

History Pashley (1925) says: '1908. October 1st. A Richard's Pipit.'

78). 1908 Fair Isle No locality, two, seen, between 22nd to 26th October when one shot, one 29th October.

(W. E. Clarke, Annals of Scottish Natural History 1909: 72; Clarke, 1912; Pennington et al., 2004).

Clarke (1912 (2): 95-97) under 'A Year at Fair Isle' in George Stout's diary of 1908, says: '22nd October - Richard's Pipit, one. 23rd October - Richard's Pipit, one again seen. 24th October - Two Richard's Pipit were seen together. It is notable that these birds always affected the sides of the braes and open country, where it was impossible to approach them. 26th October - Richard's Pipit - after much stalking and considerable difficulty, one was at last secured. It kept persistently to the open, and constantly took long flights, uttering its single loud note repeatedly. 29th October - Richard's Pipit, one.'

Further, p. 123, Clarke adds: 'In October several more were detected between the 22nd and 29th, and specimens obtained. These birds frequented the crofts and open grasslands, and were extremely wary, and hence difficult to approach.'

Comment I am applying the minimum rule without further detail to say: otherwise - two only.

80). 1908 Norfolk Near Cley-next-the-Sea, shot, 31st October.

(H. F. Witherby, British Birds 2: 279; Pashley, 1925).

History H. F. Witherby (1909) in British Birds, Vol. II. p. 279, says: 'This bird is a not infrequent autumn visitor to Norfolk, but it is worthy of record that a female was obtained at Cley on October 31st, and another on November 18th last, as I am informed by Mr. H. N. Pashley.'

Pashley (1925) says: '1908. October 31st. A Richard's Pipit was got.'

Comment Preserved by H. N. Pashley, Cley, Norfolk.

81). 1908 Norfolk Salthouse, female, shot, 3rd November, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1954Z1.1051).

(C. Borrer, British Birds 12: 89-90; Pashley, 1925; Watson, 2010).

The following details may therefore be of some interest, as curiously enough, the bird turned up in four successive years there, and there are no previous or subsequent records that I am aware of. It must be remembered that Mr. Rowan's list simply deals with Blakeney Point, and I hope after the war to be able to publish notes referring to the whole of the harbour, including Cley and Salthouse levels....In the following autumn (1908) four were shot in the immediate neighbourhood. Only one was killed by Ramm, and I was with him when the bird rose out of the long grass on Salthouse bank, and he called out what it was as he fired. This was on November 3rd, and the bird is in Mr. Lysaght's collection (a female).'

Pashley (1925) says: '1908. November 3rd. Another Richard's Pipit taken, and is now in the Connop collection.'

Watson (2010) in detailing the W. R. Lysaght collection in the Birmingham Museum lists a female specimen from Cley, Norfolk, that was obtained on 3rd November 1908, without further detail.

Comment Preserved by H. N. Pashley, Cley, Norfolk.

82). 1908 Norfolk Blakeney Point, female, shot, 18th November, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1954Z1.1049).

(H. F. Witherby, British Birds 2: 279; C. Borrer, British Birds 12: 89-90; Pashley, 1925; Watson, 2010).

Pashley (1925) says: '1908. November 18th. A Richard's Pipit.'

Watson (2010) in detailing the W. R. Lysaght collection in the Birmingham Museum lists a female specimen from Cley, Norfolk, that was obtained on 18th November 1908, without further detail.

Comment Preserved by H. N. Pashley, Cley, Norfolk.

83). 1909 Fair Isle No locality, seen, 26th September.

(Annals of Scottish Natural History 1910: 132-148; E. V. Baxter & L. J. Rintoul, Annals of Scottish Natural History 1910: 198; Eds., British Birds 4: 290; Clarke, 1912; Pennington et al., 2004).

History E. V. Baxter & L. J. Rintoul (1910) in the Annals of Scottish Natural History, Vol. XIX. p. 198, under the 'Report on Scottish Ornithology', say: 'One was observed in autumn on Fair isle.'

In an Editorial (1911) in British Birds, Vol. IV. p. 290, they say: 'One observed at Fair Isle in "autumn".'

Clarke (1912 (2): 123) on George Stout's diary of 1908, under 'A Year at Fair Isle', says: 'In 1909 one was seen on 26th September. This bird frequented the crofts and open grasslands, and was extremely wary, and hence difficult to approach.'

84). 1909 Norfolk Blakeney Point, male, shot, 27th October.

(C. Borrer, British Birds 12: 89-90; Pashley, 1925).

History Clifford Borrer (1918) in British Birds, Vol. XII. pp. 89-90, says: 'In the Review of my friend Mr. W. Rowan's 'Annotated List of the Birds of Blakeney Point' (antea, p. 71), the question is raised as to the date on which the specimens of Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi) were obtained. The following details may therefore be of some interest, as curiously enough, the bird turned up in four successive years there, and there are no previous or subsequent records that I am aware of. It must be remembered that Mr. Rowan's list simply deals with Blakeney Point, and I hope after the war to be able to publish notes referring to the whole of the harbour, including Cley and Salthouse levels....In 1909 a male was shot on October 27th.'

Pashley (1925) says: '1909. October 27th. A Richard's Pipit taken in some grass at the Point (now in the Connop collection).'

Comment Preserved by H. N. Pashley, Cley, Norfolk.

85). 1910 Norfolk Near Cley-next-the-Sea, male, obtained, 1st September.

(C. Borrer, British Birds 12: 89-90; Pashley, 1925).

Pashley (1925) says: '1910. September. A Richard's Pipit was taken during the month.' Further, under 'List of Cley Birds', he adds: '...in 1910 September 1st.'

Comment Preserved by H. N. Pashley, Cley, Norfolk.

86). 1911 Fair Isle No locality, two, seen, 6th October, one immature shot, 7th October.

(M. Bedford, Scottish Naturalist 1912: 15; Eds., British Birds 5: 254-255; Clarke, 1912; W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 32: 280; Bedford, 1937; Pennington et al., 2004).

History Mary, Duchess of Bedford (1912) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. XXXII. p. 15, says: 'Whilst staying on Fair Isle on 6th October...On the same day I received word that there were two strange Pipits on the grassland above the cliffs. They were so wild that, though I walked after them for over four hours, I was unable to get within shot. The following morning I again went to look for them, and after another hour's walking shot one as it flew over my head. It proved to be a young Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi). The plumage of the upper parts was much darker than that of the adult bird.'

In an Editorial (1912) in British Birds, Vol. V. pp. 254-255, says: 'The Duchess of Bedford records (Scot. Nat., 1912, p. 15) that two strange Pipits were seen on Fair Isle on October 7th, 1911, and that one of them, on being shot by Her Grace, proved to be an immature example of Anthus richardi. The bird has been recorded several times previously from Fair Isle, but only twice from elsewhere in Scotland.'

Clarke (1912 (2): 123) under 'A Year at Fair Isle', says: 'In 1911 two came under the notice of the Duchess of Bedford and Wilson, the observer, on 6th October. These birds frequented the crofts and open grasslands, and were extremely wary, and hence difficult to approach.'

W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Editor (1913) in the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, Vol. XXXII. p. 280, on the unexpected occurrences for 1911, says: 'Two seen (one shot), Fair Isle (Shetland), October 6th and 7th.'

Mary, Duchess of Bedford (1937: 35) says: 'October 7th, 1911. Wind south-west, but very little of it and a lovely day for bird-watching. I began the day on murder intent, if I could find my Pipits. After some five hours' stalking spread over the two days, I shot one and find it is a male Richard's Pipit. The Pipit was a young bird, and is very much darker than the adult.'

88). 1912 Fair Isle No locality, seen, 2nd October.

(M. Bedford & W. E. Clarke, Scottish Naturalist 33: 5, 28; Eds., British Birds 6: 350; W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 34: 272).

History Mary, Duchess of Bedford & Wm. Eagle Clarke (1913) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. XXXIII. pp. 5, 28, say: 'The following notes are based upon the daily records of our bird-watcher, Mr. Wilson; on personal observations made during the latter half of September and in October; and on contributions by Mr. George Stout, who spent an autumn holiday on his native island.'

Further, p. 28, they add: 'One was observed on the high ground on 2nd October. There are at least six previous records of the visits of this species, but for the autumn only.'

In an Editorial (1913) in British Birds, Vol. VI. p. 350, they say: 'In recent numbers of the Scottish Naturalist interesting articles have appeared on migrants observed in 1912 by The Duchess of Bedford and Mr. Eagle Clarke, in Fair Isle, and by the Misses Rintoul and Baxter in the Isle of May. The rarer occurrences recorded are mentioned below...At Fair Isle one seen on October 2nd.'

W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Editor (1914) in the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, Vol. XXXIV. p. 272, on the unexpected occurrences for 1912, says: 'One, Fair Isle (Shetland), October 2nd.'

89). 1912 Lincolnshire Marshchapel, female, shot, 16th November, now at Natural History Museum, Tring.

(G. H. Caton Haigh, British Birds 6: 312; F. L. Blathwayt, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union 3: 37; W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 34: 272; Smith & Cornwallis, 1955; E. M. Nicholson, British Birds 49: 45; Lorand & Atkin, 1989).

History G. H. Caton Haigh (1913) in British Birds, Vol. VI. p. 312, says: 'Although the late Mr. J. Cordeaux recorded having seen an example of Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi) when driving along the road between Tetney and the coast, the species does not appear to have been actually obtained in Lincolnshire until November 16th, 1912, when I shot a specimen on the sea-bank in the parish of Marshchapel. Its long legs and the rapidity with which it ran rendered it very conspicuous at a considerable distance. It was in good condition, and very wild. Migration was practically over, but I saw a Goldcrest on the same day, and a few Lapwings were coming in from the sea with a light east wind.'

F. L. Blathwayt (1913) in the Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, Vol. III. p. 37, says: 'Richard's Pipit, November 16th (the first obtained in the county, though John Cordeaux reported that he saw one at Tetney in 1887).'

W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Editor (1914) in the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, Vol. XXXIV. p. 272, on the unexpected occurrences for 1912, says: 'One, Marshchapel (Lincoln), November 16th.'

90). 1913 Lothian Musselburgh, Midlothian, picked up, 6th December, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1913.223).

(M. R. Tomlinson, Scottish Naturalist 34: 19-20; Eds., British Birds 7: 302; Forrester & Andrews et al., 2007).

History M. R. Tomlinson of Inveresk (1914) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. XXXIV. pp. 19-20, says: 'I write to record the appearance at Musselburgh of a specimen of that rare Eastern species in Scotland, Richard's Pipit, which was captured on the evening of 6th December.

The bird was in an injured condition, having apparently come in contact with some telegraph wires, and had taken refuge in the doorway of a house occupied by Mr. C. Sykes, where it was picked up by his son. Mr. Sykes is a well known local naturalist and bird-fancier, and it is due to him that this exceptionally rare species was recognised. He has kindly consented to the specimen being presented to the Royal Scottish Museum for preservation.'

[It has only twice been recorded for the mainland of Scotland, namely, for Perthshire and Kirkcudbrightshire. It has occurred several times in autumn at Fair Isle. - Eds.]

In an Editorial (1914) in British Birds, Vol. VII. p. 302, they say: 'An example of Anthus r. richardi is reported (Scot. Nat., 1914, p. 19) by Mr. M. R. Tomlinson to have been picked up (injured apparently by telephone wires) on December 6th, 1913, at Musselburgh.'

Forrester & Andrews et al. (2007 (2): 1001) say: 'Specimen now at National Museums Scotland (NMSZ 1913.223).'

91). 1918 Norfolk South Denes, Great Yarmouth, seen, 24th October.

(J. H. Gurney, jun., British Birds 12: 245).

History J. H. Gurney, jun., of Norwich (1919) in British Birds, Vol. XII. p. 245, says: 'An example of this fine Pipit - first recorded by my father on November 22nd, 1841 - was identified by Mr. Vincent on Yarmouth South Denes, October 24th (wind N.E., 2), several Goldfinches were also flitting about. In all cases when Richard's Pipit has occurred, it has been on the coast.'

92). 1920 Fair Isle No locality, 2nd October.

(E. V. Baxter & L. J. Rintoul, Scottish Naturalist 41: 107; Eds., British Birds 16: 29).

History E. V. Baxter & L. J. Rintoul (1921) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. XLI. p. 107, in the annual report, say: 'A Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi richardi) is recorded at Fair Isle on 2nd October.'

In an Editorial (1922) in British Birds, Vol. XVI. p. 29, in a Review of the 'Report on Scottish Ornithology in 1920, including Migration', by Evelyn V. Baxter and Leonora J. Rintoul, they say: 'One is reported from Fair Isle on October 2nd.'

93). 1921 Caernarfonshire Great Orme, seen, 26th December.

(R. W. Jones, British Birds 15: 207; Jones & Dare, 1976; Barnes, 1997).

History Richard W. Jones (1922) in British Birds, Vol. XV. p. 207, says: 'A loud, sparrow-like chirp drew my attention to a bird which rose from the ground when I was near the summit of the Great Orme's Head on the morning of December 26th, 1921. It alighted a few yards further on, and with the aid of my binoculars I immediately saw from its large size and the jerky motion of its tail that it was a Pipit with which I was not previously familiar. As I approached it stood erect to watch me, then ran quickly over the grass and heather, rose again, uttered its single note and again alighted. I followed it all over the open slope, concealing myself as best I could. In this way I got excellent views of it, took particular notice of the broad whitish stripe over and behind the eye and under-ear-coverts (giving a very light appearance to the head), the prominent dark chocolate primaries, thinly edged with buff, the dull white chin and upper-throat, the clear line of brownish streaks extending from the corner of the bill down the sides of its neck and joining on the breast, its flesh-coloured legs and brown bill, and saw that the bird was an example of Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi) - a bird new to Carnarvonshire.

I disturbed it again and again, but the only note it uttered was the chirp after rising. I visited the same place in the afternoon, and finding the bird still there, watched it for upwards of an hour. It was only when it alighted on a cart-track that the length of limb was at all noticeable. It seemed to stand as high as a thrush. Time after time I walked up to it. Upon seeing me approach it would run nimbly along the grass or road, halt suddenly, jerk its tail in true pipit-like fashion and take to its wings, never uttering its loud note more than once whilst flying. Fortunately it never flew far and its large size rendered it noticeable many yards distance away.'

94). 1922 Norfolk Near Cley-next-the-Sea, shot, 21st October.

(C. Borrer, British Birds 16: 306; S. H. Long & B. B. Riviere, Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society 11: 587; Pashley, 1925).

History Clifford Borrer (1923) in British Birds, Vol. XVI. p. 306, says: 'On the morning of the 21st the wind blowing hard E. and N.E....It may be worth adding that, on the morning of October 21st. when the Lapland Buntings arrived, a Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi) was also shot. I saw it standing up on some short turf by the sea, and it was quite easy to identify by its great length of leg. This is the third specimen of Richard's Pipit which I have seen during the last twelve years within a couple of hundred yards of the same spot.'

Admitted by S. H. Long & B. B. Riviere (1924) in the Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society, Vol. XI. p. 587, under 'Additions to Part XI (Eighth List) 1919-23'.

Pashley (1925) says: '1922. November 21st. A Richard's Pipit shot, one other seen.' Further, under 'List of Cley Birds', he does not list this record.

Comment Pashley mixed the date up and the second individual lacks adequate details.

95). 1928 Shetland Whalsay, obtained, 7th September.

(G. Waterston, Scottish Naturalist 57: 26-27; Eds., British Birds 31: 124; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953).

History G. Waterston (1937) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. LVII. pp. 26-27, under 'Bird Notes from Shetland', says: 'A specimen of this race was obtained on Whalsay: on 7th September 1928 by Mr. Tom Bruce, jun. I examined it carefully with Mr. Samuel Bruce, there being no doubt as to its correct identification.'

In an Editorial (1937) in British Birds, Vol. XXXI. pp. 123-124, they say: 'Mr. George Waterston contributes to the Scottish Naturalist (1937, pp. 25-31) an important paper on the status of a number of scarce birds (chiefly migrants) in Shetland. The information he has obtained from Mr. Tom Bruce, jun., and from an examination of Mr. Samuel Bruce's collection, though sometimes rather lacking in detail, shows that certain rare migrants, hitherto unrecorded from Shetland, but known to occur at Fair Isle, do visit Shetland, while others of which very few have been recorded for Shetland occur almost annually. Of those not previously recorded are the following: a Richard's Pipit, September, 1928.'

96). 1928 Fair Isle No locality, two: male and female, 5th October, now at National Museums of Scotland.

(J. H. Stenhouse, Scottish Naturalist 49: 9; Eds., British Birds 24: 32; E. V. Baxter & L. J. Rintoul, Scottish Naturalist 49: 111).

History J. H. Stenhouse (1929) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. XLIX. p. 9, says: 'During last autumn there was very little migration at Fair Isle. I spent three weeks on the island, from 15th September to 4th October....On 5th October a south-easterly gale brought in a fair sprinkling of birds, among which were two Richards Pipits, male and female....For the records after 4th October I am indebted to Mr. George Stout, Field, Fair Isle, who has forwarded the birds mentioned to the Royal Scottish Museum.'

Admitted by E. V. Baxter & L. J. Rintoul (1929) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. XLIX. p. 111, in the annual report for 1928.

In an Editorial (1930) in British Birds, Vol. XXIV. p. 32, in a Review of 'Report on Scottish Ornithology in 1928, including Migration', by Evelyn V. Baxter and L. J. Rintoul, they say: 'Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi). - Two at Fair Isle October 5th.'

98). 1931 Fair Isle No locality, two, shot, 9th September, now in Shetland Museum.

(G. Stout, Scottish Naturalist 52: 38; Eds., British Birds 26: 27; Pennington et al., 2004).

History George Stout of Fair Isle (1932) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. LII. p. 38, says: 'We did not have many birds on Fair Isle this autumn, owing to too much westerly wind, but I observed a few unusual visitors....two Richard's Pipits appeared on 9th November.'

In an Editorial (1932) in British Birds, Vol. XXVI. p. 27, they say: 'Mr. George Stout (Scot. Nat., 1932, p. 38) states...Other rare birds recorded are: two Richard's Pipits (A. richardi)...on November 9th.'

100). 1931 Gloucestershire Moreton Valence, caught by a dog, 14th December.

(O. H. Wild, British Birds 25: 301; Swaine, 1982).

History Oliver H. Wild (1932) in British Birds, Vol. XXV. p. 301, says: 'On December 14th, 1931, Mr. M. L. Ridgway forwarded to me an adult Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi), which he obtained at his house at Parkend, Morton Valence, near Gloucester. Mr. K. Crawshaw, a nephew of Mr. Ridgway, had occasion to chastise his spaniel, which slunk out to the garden and in a few seconds reappeared with the bird, which it placed at its master's feet.'

[Mr. Wild has kindly allowed me to examine this bird, which is decidedly dark on the upper-parts and dingy and less buff than usual on the under-parts. The tail-feathers were moulting irregularly and no doubt the bird had had an accident. The bill was rather slender and the hind claw rather shorter than usual. The measurements were as follow: wing 95 mm., tail 76.5, tarsus 30, hind claw, 14, bill 15.5. - H.F.W.]

101). 1936 Norfolk Hickling, seen, 18th and 20th September.

(J. Vincent, Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society 14: 173; J. Vincent, Wild Bird Protection in Norfolk 1936: 8; Eds., British Birds 31: 95).

History J. Vincent (1936) in the Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society, Vol. XIV. p. 173, and in Wild Bird Protection in Norfolk, pp. 7, 8, under 'Notes from Hickling' says: 'One of these large pipits was running along the cinder track leading to Whiteslea on September 18th. It rose twice and flew a short distance, and eventually on to a recently cut marsh. I saw it again on the 20th.'

In an Editorial (1937) in British Birds, Vol. XXXI. p. 95, in a Review of the Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society, for 1936, it says: 'A Richard's Pipit on September 18th at Hickling.'

102). 1938 Fair Isle No locality, seen, 25th September.

(Pennington et al., 2004).

History Pennington et al. (2004) say: 'One was seen on 25th September 1938.'

103). 1942 Devon Otter Estuary, two, seen, 10th February.

(F. C. Butters, E. W. Hendy, R. W. Howell & H. G. Hurrell, Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report 1942: 21; Eds., British Birds 37: 240; Moore, 1969).

History F. C. Butters, E. W. Hendy, R. W. Howell & H. G. Hurrell, Editors (1942) in the Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report, Vol. XV. p. 21, say: 'Otter Estuary. February 10th. Two. First bird seen while we were in concealment. Bird longer than a Rock Pipit; brown with paler head and distinct pattern on mantle, scapular and wings formed by darker brown feathers; legs long and pale flesh colour in sunlight; white edges to tail; streaks on upper breast; head well up when standing. Second bird joined the first some time after. (W. L. Colyer and F.J.J.).'

[The first record for the Society. - Eds.]

In an Editorial (1944) in British Birds, Vol. XXXVII. p. 240, in a Review of the Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report, for 1942, they say: 'Rare birds recorded include two Richard's Pipits seen on the Otter Estuary.'

Moore (1969: 255) says: 'Two seen by W. L. Colyer on the Otter Estuary on 10th February 1942.'

105). 1942 Norfolk Hickling, seen, 2nd October.

(J. Vincent, Wild Bird Protection in Norfolk 1942: 13).

History J. Vincent (1942) in Wild Bird Protection in Norfolk, 1942, p. 13, under 'Notes from Hickling', says: 'I flushed a bird of this species from a marsh on which cattle had been fed, when shooting there on October 2nd. It settled about sixty yards ahead, but by the time I arrived there it had run on at least thirty yards before I flushed it a second time. This Pipit is almost the size of a Sky Lark, and its size and nimbleness on the ground are its main characteristics.'

106). 1946 Kent Near Sandwich, seen, 27th September.

(J. Harrison, British Birds 40: 83; South-Eastern Bird Report 1946: 30, plate; Harrison, 1953).

History J. Harrison (1947) in British Birds, Vol. XL. p. 83, says: 'On September 27th, 1946, I had some good views of a single Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi) on an East Kent Marsh. The bird was easily identified, and struck me as being a very large pipit with long yellowish legs, and long hind claws. There was a marked whitish eyestripe. The head and back were very dark, with almost black mottling, but all the feathers had light narrow margins. The tail was long and had white outer tail-feathers. The upper breast was streaked with dark spots, but the remainder of the under-parts was a uniform buffy-white. The bird was also seen by my father. There are only four authentic records of Richard's Pipit from Kent, all in the autumn, and the last over forty years ago.'

107). 1946 Sussex Ouse Valley, seen, 12th December.

(R. Whitlock, South-Eastern Bird Report 1946: 18; Eds., British Birds 41: 253; L. G. Holloway, Sussex Bird Report 1996: 119).

History R. Whitlock (1946) in the South-Eastern Bird Report, p. 18, says: 'One in the Ouse Valley December 12th (). The following description is given (the bird was in company with a Meadow Pipit): large size, upright carriage, loud, harsh and far carrying cry uttered on the ground and in flight - these were the outstanding points. The head, due to a noticeable eye-stripe, appeared light in contrast with the dark back which had no obvious streaks.'

In an Editorial (1948) in British Birds, Vol. XLI. p. 253, in a Review of the South-Eastern Bird Report, for 1946, they say: 'A Richard's Pipit was satisfactorily identified in the Ouse Valley on December 12th.'

108). 1946 Lancashire & North Merseyside Carleton, near Blackpool, seen, 24th December.

(Oakes, 1953).

History Oakes (1953: 73) says: 'On 24th December, 1946, one was clearly identified at Carleton, near Blackpool, by J. Carter, a well-known wildfowler and an observer of considerable experience. The bird was seen in a ploughed field and the details of its plumage were noted from a few yards' distance. On one occasion it stood on the ridge of a furrow, when its long legs were noted and even its hind claws - a good diagnostic character - were easily seen.'

1950-57 RECORDS

109). 1950 Sussex The Crumbles, 5th October.

(G. des Forges & D. D. Harber, Sussex Bird Report 1950: 7-8; des Forges & Harber, 1963).

History G. des Forges & D. D. Harber (1950) in the Sussex Bird Report, 7-8, say: 'One on the Crumbles on October 5th. "A very large pipit as big as a Sky Lark - the two species being seen side by side; very upright; legs very strong, appearing yellowish in ordinary light but almost orange in bright sunlight and distinctly reddish with the sun shining through them from behind; very long hind claws; upper-parts brown with broad darker stripes; noticeable pale stripe over eye which continued rather less distinctly round the ear-coverts; chin whitish with a brownish shade; rest of under-parts buffish, paler on belly; some streaks on upper breast, otherwise unmarked below; outer tail-feathers noticeably white; central tail-feathers dark brown, almost blackish; ran very fast and was generally vigorous in its movements; call a double "cheerp", rather bunting-like, and not particularly loud; quite tame and did not fly far when put up". (D.D.H.). This bird was present for at least four and a half hours and was also seen by D.H.B. and others.'

110). 1951 Gwent Peterstone Wentlooge, Monmouthshire, 26th September.

(Eds., British Birds 45: 409; Humphreys, 1963).

History In an Editorial (1952) in British Birds, Vol. XLV. p. 409, they say: 'Mr. G. C. S. Ingram has sent us full details of a Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi) which he saw at Peterstone Wentlloog, Monmouthshire, on September 26th, 1951, a day when a big immigration of pipits was very apparent in the morning. Amongst large numbers of Meadow-Pipits (A. pratensis) was one which appeared to be at least 25% larger, resembling a small, slim, warm-coloured thrush. Good views were obtained, and in addition to characteristic plumage details the bird's erect carriage was noted.'

111). 1951 Lincolnshire Saltfleetby, 6th October.

(S. A. Cox, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union 13: 53; Smith & Cornwallis, 1955; Lorand & Atkin, 1989).

History S. A. Cox (1953) in the Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, Vol. XIII. p. 53, says: 'One, on the salt-marsh between Saltfleetby and Theddlethorpe on October 6th. It permitted sustained observation and was like a Lark, but uncrested, with long legs and unstreaked flanks. (E.G.). This seems to be the third county record.'

Smith & Cornwallis (1955) say: '...Owing to the difficulty of distinguishing this species in autumn from the juvenile Tawny Pipit (Anthus campestris), sight records of it are unsatisfactory unless the distinctive note of Richard's Pipit is heard. Apparently it was not in these cases.' However, Lorand & Atkin (1989) now accept this record.

112). 1951 Cornwall Gwennap Head, 9th October.

(B. H. Ryves, A. G. Parsons & H. M. Quick, Cornwall Bird-Watching & Preservation Society Report 1951: 10).

History B. H. Ryves, A. G. Parsons & H. M. Quick (1951) in the Cornwall Bird-Watching & Preservation Society Report, Vol. XXI. p. 10 say: 'October 9th. On Gwennap Head a large Pipit was seen and identified by the strident call which is unlike that of any other pipit, and which we had heard before in Holland. - D. and E.L.'

113). 1951 Fair Isle No localities, five, 14th November, one now at National Museums of Scotland.

(K. Williamson, Fair Isle Bird Observatory Bulletin 1 (5): 5; K. Williamson, British Birds 45: 230).

History K. Williamson (1951) in the Fair Isle Bird Observatory Bulletin, Vol. I (V). p. 5 and (1952) in British Birds, Vol. XLV. p. 230, says: 'James Stout found one with an injured wing on November 14th and saw at least four others on the island that day. He skinned the injured bird and it is now in the Royal Scottish Museum. Weight 32 g., wing 97 mm., bill from skull 16 mm., tarsus 31 mm., hind claw 15 mm. The legs are described as dull flesh-colour, tinged brown on the front, and the upper mandible as pale yellowish brown with a darker tinge. In Autumn 1908 Dr. Eagle Clarke shot one or two and saw others, but only single examples have been recorded since.'

118). 1952 Cambridgeshire Wilburton, caught, 20th November, released 21st November.

(I. C. T. Nisbet & A. E. Vine, Cambridge Bird Club Report 1952: 18; Bircham, 1989).

History I. C. T. Nisbet & A. E. Vine (1952) in the Cambridge Bird Club Report, p. 18, say: 'On Nov. 20th, one was caught by Mrs. L. M. Westrup in a shed in her garden at Wilburton, where it was apparently sheltering from the strong (north-east) wind and rain, and was examined next day by C.W., L.W., C.W.W. and others. No measurements were taken, but a detailed description taken by C.W.W., and a painting made by Mrs. Westrup, fully establish the identification (W.F.). This is the first record for the county.'

119). 1954 Norfolk Cromer, 1st May.

(R. A. F. Cox, British Birds 48: 187-188).

History R. A. F. Cox (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. pp. 187-188, says: 'On 1st May 1954 large numbers of migrants arrived at Cromer, Norfolk, and among them was a bird which I identified as a Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi). I approached to within 10 feet of the bird as it fed on top of the cliffs, and obtained good views of it for about an hour. Direct size comparison was possible with a Yellow-hammer (Emberiza citrinella), and there were some Meadow Pipits (A. pratensis) only a little distance away. It was much larger than the latter, with much longer legs and a longer tail. The tail, in fact, seemed intermediate in length between a Meadow Pipit's and a Yellow Wagtail's (Motacilla flava flavissima). Its legs were pink in colour. It progressed in typical pipit fashion and flicked its tail constantly as it walked. Several times the bird stopped, raised its head and stretched itself into a very upright position.

Its general appearance was dark brown with pronounced black striations. Its breast was buffish, with bold streaks starting in a slight moustachial line and ending abruptly on the lower breast, leaving the rest of the under-parts a uniform creamy buff. Its flanks were slightly tinged with rufous and the tail was dark with white outer feathers. As it fed it constantly uttered a short "pip-pip" note, and on the one occasion on which it flew, it uttered a note similar to a Yellow Wagtail's, but longer and more harsh.'

120). 1954 Sussex The Crumbles, 18th September.

(G. des Forges & D. D. Harber, Sussex Bird Report 1954: 21; L. P. Alder, British Birds 48: 374; E. M. Nicholson, British Birds 49: 367).

History G. des Forges & D. D. Harber (1954) in the Sussex Bird Report, p. 21, say: 'L.P.A. describes one on the Crumbles on September 18th; "a large, heavy, thrush-like bird, very active with a loud sparrow-like double "rer-up" uttered in flight. Legs very long and thick; yellowish-orange in colour; bill, thick and stout, darker on upper mandible. General plumage reminiscent of a Skylark. Upper-parts brown with dark streaks on back and crown giving a somewhat mottled appearance on back; dark stripe through and behind eye with a broad pale buffish stripe over eye (not extending to the nape) and to a lesser extent below it. A thin moustachial streak darker than pale chin. Tail dark brown with outer tail-feathers broadly white. Under-parts buff, streaked dark brown on breast only, belly somewhat paler. Wings well marked; dark brown with feathers having pale buffish edges". After about 15 minutes the bird moved off E.'

L. P. Alder (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 374, says: 'Although a few Meadow Pipits (Anthus pratensis) and Tree Pipits (A. trivialis) were moving east-wards near Eastbourne, Sussex, during the morning of 18th September 1954, under cloudy conditions with drizzle, it was not until there was a change of wind from N.W. to S.E. and the weather became brighter about mid-day that the numbers increased. This was most noticeable over the Crumbles where a few pipits dropped out to feed. One of these attracted attention by its large size and upright carriage on the ground and by its loud, sparrow-like double "rer-up" note in flight. Having had previous experience with this species, I immediately recognized it as a Richard's Pipit (A. richardi). Other details were noted and the description appears in The Sussex Bird Report for 1954.'

121). 1955 Hampshire Titchfield Haven, two, 16th April.

(E. Cohen, Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society 1955: 207; Cohen & Taverner, 1972; Clark & Eyre, 1993).

History E. Cohen (1955) in the Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society, p. 207, says: 'Two in Titchfield Haven on April 16th (C.S. & J.K.B.). This record of this very uncommon species has been accepted for publication by British Birds.' It was accepted locally (Clark & Eyre 1993).

123). 1955 Caernarfonshire Bardsey, 22nd to 24th August.

(R. Thearle, British Birds 49: 329; R. Thearle, Bardsey Observatory Report 1955: 20).

History R. Thearle (1956) in British Birds, Vol. XLIX. p. 329, says: 'On 22nd August 1955, a pipit, which was later identified as a Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi), was found by G. E. Thomason and J. G. Williams in an area of burnt gorse and long grass on Bardsey Island, Caernarvonshire. Their attention was first caught by the white tip to the bird's tail when flushed. This was later found to be due to the advanced state of moult, the bird apparently having only three or four tail feathers and the white "tip" being one of the outer tail-feathers which had overlapped the remaining rectrices. The bird, which was very tame, was watched by G.E.T., J.G.W., M. E. Jones, Mrs. K. N. Campbell and the writer from 15.50 hours until 19.10 hours: the following observations were compiled from our combined notes, and from those of E. Bryne, who saw the bird on 24th August, which was the last date on which it was seen. Its most striking features, apart from the tail, were its large size, long legs, general warm orange-brown colouring with bold markings, and characteristic gait. The bird ran very fast, with head held low to facilitate easy progress through the long grass, and as soon as it stopped it stood bolt upright and peered at us over the top of the vegetation; it seemed to prefer to escape our attentions by running, and took flight only if we approached nearer than about ten feet.

Detailed description - Upper-parts: Forehead and crown, buff-brown, closely streaked with dark brown; ear-coverts similar but paler. There was a bold creamy-white stripe over the eye (extending only just beyond the eye) and below the ear-coverts; and below this was a dark moustachial streak. Nape, greyish, but this was due to loss of feathers, and the bird was very "scruffy" in the region of the neck. Back, orange-brown, boldly marked with rows of dark brown spots, reminiscent of the back-pattern of the Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus). Closed wing, dark brown, with orange-buff edgings to the feathers and showing a light orange-brown patch in the region of the secondaries; tail, dark brown with a white tip (see note above about state of moult). Under-parts : Chin and throat, dirty white, unmarked; breast, pale buff, boldly streaked dark brown; belly, yellowish-buff, again streaked dark brown; but not so boldly; the under tail-coverts appeared whitish and unmarked. Flanks darker than rest of under-parts, a rich orange-buff. Soft parts: Bill was longish, the upper mandible was dark brown, the lower pinkish-yellow, both mandibles darker at tips. Legs, orange-pink in colour; they seemed a good deal thicker, as well as longer, than those of a Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis). The hind claws were longer than the hind toes; this point was especially looked for, and was clearly seen on several occasions. The bird was not heard to call although it was watched for many hours, and flushed on numerous occasions.'

124). 1956 Sussex Hove, 25th to 29th January.

(D. D. Harber, Sussex Bird Report 1956: 25; des Forges & Harber, 1963).

History D. D. Harber (1956) in the Sussex Bird Report, p. 25, says: 'One which frequented a grassy area by Hove Lagoon was first seen by G.A.S. on January 25th. It remained to 29th, being seen by G.d.F., M.H.P., R.J.S. and also by D.D.H., who had seen the species before. G.d.F. describes it as "in bulk...twice as large as nearby Meadow Pipits; relatively longer tail and legs. Fairly bulky (not streamlined). Upright carriage; striding gait; frequent wagtail-like runs...General shade paler than Meadow Pipit. Back moderately streaked. Under-parts buff, darkest on breast. Flanks a little darker and warmer than belly. A circlet of streaks below throat extending to chest, not very conspicuous. No stripes otherwise on under-parts. White outer tail-feathers very conspicuous. Eye-stripe (not white) formed by darker line through eye and trifle darker crown. Legs pale yellowish". The call which D.D.H. heard almost every time the bird was put up was a rather harsh, distinctly sparrow-like "chirrup".'

125). 1956 Greater London/Surrey Staines Reservoirs, Middlesex, 10th and 21st April.

(F. H. Jones, London Bird Report 21: 34; London Natural History Society, 1964; Wheatley, 2007; Self, 2014).

History F. H. Jones (1956) in the London Bird Report, Vol. XXI. p. 34, says: 'One on the causeway of Staines Res. on Apr. 10th (B.C.), and 21st (C.M.V.). Full details will be published in British Birds.'

126). 1956 Yorkshire Spurn, 15th November to 31st December.

(R. Chislett & E. W. Taylor, Naturalist 82: 67; Mather, 1986; Wilson & Slack, 1996).

History R. Chislett & E. W. Taylor (1957) in the new series of The Naturalist, Vol. LXXXII. p. 67, say: 'On November 15th John Cudworth spent a long time at Spurn with a large, long-tailed pipit, after another had flown away, which he first named Richard's Pipit from the unusual call, and which was confirmed two days later, after very much more time and energy had been used, when he was able to obtain excellent views and to take a full description. The bird was also seen by J. K. and A. Fenton, C. Winn and others; and was there until the year end.'

127). 1957 Dorset Portland Bill, three, 22nd April.

(A. J. Bull et al., Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Society 79: 42-43; Boys, 1973; Green, 2004).

History A. J. Bull (1957) in the Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Vol. LXXIX. pp. 42-43, says: 'Portland Bill. on April 22nd three were seen together on short grass near the Bill. They were large robust pipits with white outer tail feathers, long pale fleshy-yellow legs and upper breast only spotted. Full details have been submitted to British Birds (P.B.O.).'

130). 1957 Northumberland Hartley, 20th September.

(F. G. Grey, Transactions of the Northumberland, Durham & Newcastle-upon-Tyne Natural History Society 12: 216; Galloway & Meek, 1978-83).

History F. G. Grey (1957) in the Transactions of the Northumberland, Durham & Newcastle-upon-Tyne Natural History Society, Vol. XII. p. 216, says: 'One at Hartley, N., on September 20th, when a light onshore breeze with fog at sea produced a drift of passerines. (J.D.P.). This is only the fourth record for the two counties, the last occasion being on November 2nd, 1954, when two were seen at Marsden, D.'

Galloway & Meek (1978-83) say: 'One was at Hartley on 20th September 1957.'

131). 1957 Fair Isle Gilsetter, 21st and 23rd September; same, Rippack, 24th September.

(P. E. Davis, Fair Isle Bird Observatory Bulletin 4: 9-10, 17; P. E. Davis, Fair Isle Bird Observatory Report 1957: 19; P. E. Davis, British Birds 51: 243; P. E. Davis, British Birds 57: 215-216).

History P. E. Davis (1958) in the Fair Isle Bird Observatory Bulletin, Vol. IV. pp. 9-10, says: 'The Richard's Pipit of September 21st was first seen in Gilsetter by Peter Jones, Geoffrey Trimingham and myself, and gave excellent views at down to twenty yards range. Very likely there were two birds on the isle at this period, for one was seen near Lunna Geo on the following day, at Gilsetter again on the 23rd, and on the Rippack on the 24th. The "chereep" call was very distinctive.

Richard's is a large, long-legged pipit, and the Fair Isle example stood head-and-shoulders above nearby Rock and Meadow Pipits. The upper parts were dark dull-brown with warmer brown edgings to the feathers, the outer tail feathers white. Superciliary and underparts were dull white, with striations on upper breast and a buffish tinge on the flanks and sides of the breast. There was a fairly distinct dark eye-streak, and the ear-coverts were buffish with dark-edgings. The long legs seemed pale pinkish or orange-brown.

The twenty or so Fair Isle records have nearly all been in late September or October, but one late August 1953.'

P. E. Davis (1958) in British Birds, Vol. LI. p. 243, says: 'A remarkable "rush" of Continental birds affected Fair Isle between fifth and 22nd September 1957, and three species from central and southern areas of the U.S.S.R. appeared in the last two of these days. These were a Lanceolated Warbler (Locustella lanceolata) and a Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi) on the 21st, and two very grey Short-toed Larks (Calandrella cinerea) on the 22nd.'

132). 1957 Lancashire & North Merseyside Freckleton Naze, 29th September.

(K. G. Spencer, Report on Birds, Lancashire 1957: 58; White, McCarthy & Jones, 2008).

History K. G. Spencer (1957) in the Report on Birds, Lancashire, p. 58, says: 'One at Freckleton, 29 September (N.H., M.J., H.S.). Full details have been submitted to the Editors of British Birds.'

133). 1957 Devon Lundy, 1st October.

(B. Whitaker Lundy Field Society Report 1957: 19; S. G. Madge, Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report 1957: 47).

History B. Whitaker (1957) in the Lundy Field Society Report, p. 19, says: 'One October 1st. A new record for Lundy. This bird was seen rather briefly but the following observations leave little doubt of its identity. The bird was first noticed by its call in flight, a loud un-pipit like "itch-orp" with the accent on the second half of the call. It was a large pipit, almost Skylark in size, with dark, well-marked upper parts, pale underparts streaked only on the upper breast and a conspicuous white belly. The eye stripe was noticeable distinct and white by comparison with other, common, pipits. As it took off and landed a long tail with white outer tail feathers along the full length of the tail was eye-catching and in distinct contrast to the same view of the Meadow Pipit.'

S. G. Madge (1957) in the Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report, Vol. XXX. p. 47, says: 'Lundy 1 Oct., one (Lundy Field Society Report 1957).'

134). 1957 Norfolk Cley-next-the-Sea, 29th October.

(M. J. Seago, Norfolk Bird Report 1957: 43).

History M. J. Seago (1957) in the Norfolk Bird Report, p. 43, says: 'Single at Cley, October 29th (R.A.R.). Full details received.'

135). 1957 Yorkshire Spurn, 10th November to 8th December.

(R. Chislett, Naturalist 83: 67; Mather, 1986; Wilson & Slack, 1996).

History R. Chislett (1958) in the new series of The Naturalist, Vol. LXXXIII. p. 67, says: 'On November 10th a bird showed its long legs to J. Cudworth who recognised its call immediately from his last year's experience; it was seen on most days to December 8th by many people and may possibly have been the same bird again.'

136). 1957 Norfolk Cley-next-the-Sea, 20th November.

(M. J. Seago, Norfolk Bird Report 1957: 43).

History M. J. Seago (1957) in the Norfolk Bird Report, p. 43, says: 'Single at Cley, November 20th (R.A.R.). Full details received.'

NOT PROVEN

0). Pre 1831 Greater London Copenhagen Fields, Holloway, London, obtained, undated.

(W. Yarrell, Loudon's Magazine of Natural History 4: 117-118; Glegg, 1935; Self, 2014).

[KAN].

History William Yarrell of London (1831) in Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, Vol. IV. pp. 117-118, dated January, 1831, says: 'Richard's Pipit....a second specimen has been lately taken in Copenhagen Fields, near London.'

However, it was not mentioned in his listing (Seebohm 1884 (2): 233).

Accepted locally for Middlesex (Glegg 1935: 48).

Comment It is strange how Rennie (1831) lists only two: Copenhagen Fields, near London and Oxford. This is probably the same as the 1812 record from London. Seebohm didn't list this record neither. A lot of Yarrell's work was of second-hand reports. Duplicate record. Not acceptable.

0). 1840 Kent Between Birchington and St Nicholas Coastguard Station, male, shot, 25th November.

(S. Mummery, Annals & Magazine of Natural History 6: 398; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

[Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953].

History Stephen Mummery of Margate (1841) in the Annals & Magazine of Natural History, Vol. VI. p. 398, dated 14th December, 1840, says: 'Anthus richardi. - Extract from a letter from Mr. S. Mummery of Margate. - "I was out following my occupation of bird-collector on the 25th of November of the present year, along the shore between Birchington and St. Nicholas Coast Guard Station, in the Isle of Thanet, when I met a gentleman, a lover of natural history, who directed me to a locality called Minnis Pond, where he had seen a bird unknown to him, and described it to be like a Water Wagtail in shape, though not in colour. Some time elapsed before he fell in with me; but as soon as he stated to me what he had seen, we proceeded together to the spot.

The Minnis Pond is situated in a bay just where the chalk cliff terminates, and the shore gradually falls to the level of the marshes behind the beach, forming only a bank. Several heaps of sea-weed have been collected near the pond, where they lie to rot, which continually harbours numerous insects. The spot therefore is a favourite resort for many small birds, as Wagtails, Pipits, Stints, &c.

On arriving we could not see anything of the bird, but our presence disturbed several Larks and Rock Pipits; at last one flew up different from the rest, and something like a Wagtail. On its settling about forty yards from me I shot it, and it proved, on being examined by several naturalists, and compared with the work of Mr. Yarrell and Mr. Jenyns, to be Richard's Pipit, a very rare bird, and to answer exactly to their descriptions. Our opinion has been confirmed by the Rev. J. Streatfield, and I have stuffed the bird, which is a male specimen".'

Ticehurst (1909) pp. 105-106, says: 'I am here able to chronicle seven reputed Kent specimens, and though possibly from their origin a certain amount of doubt may attach to the first three, the others are undoubtedly authentic.

The first bird, a male was shot on the 25th November, 1840, by Stephen Mummery, between Birchington and the St Nicholas Coastguard Station in Thanet.

He gives a long account...The bird appears to have been adequately identified, and was evidently preserved for a time in the Margate Museum, as it is included in the list of that collection published in the 'Annual Report of the Margate Literary and Scientific Institution' for 1841. What became of it at the sale of this collection in 1868 is unknown.

The same collector afterwards recorded two others (Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., VIII. pp. 318, 396), shot by himself in the same locality; the first he obtained early in the autumn of 1841, and the second at the end of November or beginning of December of the same year.

About the first he remarks that the bones "were very soft and not perfectly set, and many of the quills or stubs were not passed into feathers", and suggests that it had been bred in the locality. If what he says: of the bird's condition was true, it throws considerable doubt on the honesty of the record, as it is extremely unlikely that Richard's Pipit has ever bred in England (cf. also a similar record under the Red-spotted Bluethroat).

It was to these specimens that Pemberton Bartlett probably referred when he stated (Zool., 1844, p. 620) that Richard's Pipit had been shot in Kent.'

Not accepted locally (Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

Comment Mummery has been found to be unreliable (Ticehurst 1909). Not acceptable.

0). 1840 Flintshire Near St Asaph, shot, 9th December.

(H. E. Forrest, Zoologist 1901: 425).

[Forrest, 1907; H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 1: 113].

History H. E. Forrest (1901) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. V. p. 425, says: 'In connection with my work on the fauna of North Wales, I have recently had lent to me a MS. note-book kept by Dr. J. W. Moses, a medical man, who resided at St. Asaph from 1839 onwards.

Amongst numerous local notes on natural history the following occurs: - "1840, Dec. 9th. Shot a lark upon the sandhills. I was attracted to the spot where it was feeding by the shrill, and to me strange, note it uttered. It measured, from the point of the bill to the tip of the tail, 7¾ inches, being nearly 2 inches longer than the Skylark. In plumage it resembled the Titlark. The hind claw was ¾ inch long. Whether this be a variety or no, I cannot say.' This description appears to indicate that the doctor had got hold of Richard's Pipit, although this species has never been recorded in North Wales. It is unfortunate that the specimen is not, so far as I know, in existence; but the length of the bird, the shrill call-note, the Pipit-like colouring, and the very long hind claw can only apply to the species named. This note was submitted to Mr. Howard Saunders for his opinion, and he agrees with the diagnosis.'

Forrest (1907: 122) placing the record in square brackets, says: 'Mr. Robert Moses, of Shrewsbury, has a manuscript diary, kept by Dr. J. W. Moses when living at St. Asaph.

In it the following entry appears under date "1840, Dec. 9th. Shot a lark (?) upon the sandhills. I was attracted to the spot where it was feeding by the shrill, and to me a strange, note it uttered. It measured, from the point of the bill to the tip of the tail, 7¾ inches. In plumage it resembled the Titlark. The hind claw was ¾ inch long.' There seems to be little doubt, from the measurement, long hind claw, loud note, and pipit-like colouring, that this was a specimen of Richard's Pipit, a bird at that time hardly known in Britain.'

H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst (1907) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 113, under 'On the More Important Additions to our Knowledge of British Birds since 1899', placed this record in square brackets.

0). 1841 Kent Near Birchington, obtained, late autumn.

(S. Mummery, Annals & Magazine of Natural History 8: 396; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

[Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953].

History Stephen Mummery of Margate (1842) in the Annals & Magazine of Natural History, Vol. VIII. p. 396, says: 'Mr. Mummery informs us of his having shot another specimen of Richard's Pipit, in the neighbourhood of Birchington, in the Isle of Thanet, where he had before taken specimens in 1840, and in November last.'

Ticehurst (1909: 105) says: 'I am here able to chronicle seven reputed Kent specimens, and though possibly from their origin a certain amount of doubt may attach to the first three, the others are undoubtedly authentic.'

Not accepted locally (Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

Comment Mummery has been found to be unreliable (Ticehurst 1909). Not acceptable.

0). 1841 Kent Near Birchington, obtained, early November.

(S. Mummery, Annals & Magazine of Natural History 8: 318; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

[Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953].

History Stephen Mummery of Margate (1842) in the Annals & Magazine of Natural History, Vol. VIII. p. 318, dated 21st November 1841, says: 'I have now to add: the capture of another rare species - Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi), shot near Birchington, about a mile from the spot where I shot one last year, as mentioned at p. 398 of your 6th volume, and, from its extreme youth, I have every reason to believe it was bred at no great distance. I am certain that it was not able to take a long journey, for, as the bones were very soft and not perfectly set, and many of the quills or stubs are not passed into feathers, I am sure it was not more than ten weeks old; I shall look closely after the parent birds.'

'Not accepted locally (Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

Comment Mummery has been found to be unreliable (Ticehurst 1909). Not acceptable.

0). 1843 Cumbria Barrow Side, two, seen, undated.

(Macpherson, 1892).

[E. Blezard, Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society 6: 36].

History Macpherson (1892: 114) says: 'Mr. H, p. Senhouse possesses an interleaved copy of Yarrell's British Birds, in which the late Mr. W. Dickinson entered a description of two examples of this Pipit which he had met with.

He has also left on record a statement in print: "In the spring of 1843, as I was engaged in the enclosure of the extensive commons of Castlerigg and Derwentwater, it was necessary to travel over and examine every portion of the surface; and whilst on the upper range of Barrow Side, I noticed a pair of strange birds wandering about on the stony ground. They appeared of the size and figure of the Skylarks. By a little cautious manoeuvring I got within about thirty yards, when they arose and flew off a hundred yards or so. By walking off and not seeming to notice them, I again came near enough to see their pink legs and long hind claws, and to know they were larks of a species I had not seen or heard of. They did not appear alarmed, and I retired and rounded again. They did not crouch as our lark does, but stood upright or ran on a little before flying; and not wishing to disturb them, I left. and saw them no more. Their general colour was nearly like that of our Skylark, only a little paler, and their figure was a trifle less bulky, but longer. No crest was visible, and no note heard.

On since referring to Morris's Plates, I have no doubt of their being that very rare British visitant, Richard's Pipit".'

Ernest Blezard (1943) in the Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society, Vol. VI. p. 36, says: 'Macpherson mentions a probable occurrence near Derwentwater.'

Comment Not specifically identified. Not acceptable.

0). 1844 Devon Stoke Devonport, obtained, November.

(W. S. Hore, Zoologist 1845: 879-880; D'Urban & Mathew, 1892).

[Newman, 1866].

History W. S. Hore (1845) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. III. pp. 879-880, dated 2nd December, 1844, says: 'During the last two months several valuable birds have been obtained in this county, an account of which may be interesting to the readers of The Zoologist. Mr. Rowe was fortunate enough to secure a beautiful specimen of Richard's Pipit (Anthus ricardi) in the Government grounds at Stoke: none of these latter birds have been seen since December, 1842.'

Accepted locally by D'Urban & Mathew (1892: 45) who say: 'Another in November 1844 (W. S. Hore, Zool., 1844, pp. 496, 879).'

Comment Newman (1866) being the Editor of The Zoologist did not record this record in his version of Montagu's British Birds which suggests this is a duplicate for one of the 1841 records. It may well be that Hore is referring to one of the birds killed in 1841. Also, there is possible confusion with the 1844 Teignmouth Alpine Accentor record. Duplicate record. Not acceptable.

0). 1849 Yorkshire Coastal locality, obtained, undated.

(E. T. Higgins, Zoologist 1849: 2569).

[Clarke & Roebuck, 1881; Nelson, 1907; T. Melling, British Birds 98: 230-237].

History E. T. Higgins of Penrith (1849) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. VII. p. 2569, dated 25th July, 1849, says: 'By a letter received from Mr. Graham, the talented bird-stuffer of York, I hear that one specimen of Richard's Pipit, has been procured on the Yorkshire coast.'

Clarke & Roebuck (1881: xxxvii) under 'Introduction' say: 'Richard's Pipit has been reported to occur, but upon evidence which cannot be admitted, for the lack of details necessary to substantiate its claim, although the species is one quite likely to occur.'

Nelson (1907 (1): 134) recording the record in square brackets, says: 'A specimen of Richard's Pipit, is said, on the authority of the late David Graham of York, to have occurred on the coast in 1849 (Zool., 1849, p. 2569), but the circumstances connected with its occurrence are not of a sufficiently reliable nature to warrant its inclusion in the Yorkshire list.'

Comment Lacks adequate details; also, because of being preserved by David Graham, who has been discredited over the 'Tadcaster Rarities' (T. Melling, British Birds 98: 230-237), the record is unacceptable.

0). 1850 Somerset Near Bridgwater, obtained, 25th April.

(A. C. Smith, Zoologist 1850: 2848-49).

[Palmer & Ballance, 1968].

History Alfred Charles Smith of Old Park (1850) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. VIII. pp. 2848-49, dated 11th October, 1850, says: '...April 25th, I procured Richard's Pipit...'

Not accepted locally (Ballance 2006).

0). 1865 Isle of Wight Ventnor, seen, May.

(H. Hadfield, Zoologist 1865: 9719).

[Kelsall & Munn, 1905].

History Henry Hadfield of Ventnor (1865) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. XXIII. p. 9719, says: 'Having early in the month observed a strange bird alight on a bank in the garden, approaching it cautiously I managed to get within a dozen yards, but could not make out the species, for though like a pipit it appeared a shorter bird, but with longer legs, and differing in colour from any pipit known to me; but on looking over Temminck's coloured lithographs I felt convinced of its being that rare bird, Richard's Pipit that had been seen, and the description agrees with my observations, though I should call the white patch on the lower part of the throat gorget-shaped; this, together with its white temples and ear coverts, and the elongated tarsus, is very remarkable....As Temminck remarks that its food is unknown, it may be as well to state that during the few minutes that I observed it, it was feeding among the grass, and I saw it stretch out its neck to reach the groundsel, which was seemingly preferred to the other weeds and herbage.'

Kelsall & Munn (1905: 46) placing the record in square brackets, say: 'A pipit was seen by Hadfield at Ventnor, in the Isle of Wight, in May, 1865, and on comparison with Temminck's description he was satisfied that it belonged to this species, but we do not consider the identification sufficient to include it.'

0). 1866 Greater London Leadenhall Market, obtained, 8th March.

(W. Muckin, Zoologist 1866: 269).

[KAN].

History William Muckin (1866) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. I. p. 269, undated, says: 'I obtained a remarkably fine specimen of this rare bird from among a number of larks in Leadenhall Market, on the 8th of March last: it is now preserved, and in my collection.

Comment Lacks adequate details of where it was obtained. Possibly imported. Not acceptable.

0) 1866 Greater London Highgate, Middlesex, caught, 4th October.

(Glegg, 1929; Glegg, 1935).

[Self, 2014].

History Glegg (1929: 17) says: 'Harting describes four or five occurrences. Later, Harting in Lobley's Hampstead Hill states that it had been taken at Highgate in Oct. and Nov. 1866.'

Glegg (1935: 48) says: 'Between early October and late November 1866, another four were obtained at Highgate, two of these passing to Frederick Bond's collection.' Not accepted locally (Self 2014).

Comment Not known to have been seen by a competent authority. No supporting details. Not acceptable.

0) 1866 Greater London Highgate, Middlesex, four, obtained, between early October and late November.

(Glegg, 1929; Glegg, 1935).

[Self, 2014].

History Glegg (1929: 17) says: 'Harting describes four or five occurrences. Later, Harting in Lobley's Hampstead Hill states that it had been taken at Highgate in Oct. and Nov. 1866.'

Glegg (1935: 48) says: 'A fifth specimen for Middlesex was caught on 4th October 1866 at Highgate, and figured by Gould in his Birds of Great Britain.' Not accepted locally (Self 2014).

Comment Not known to have been seen by a competent authority. No supporting details. Not acceptable.

0). 1866 Sussex Near Brighton, obtained, 10th November, now at the Booth Museum, Brighton.

(G. D. Rowley, Field 17th Nov., 1866: 398; G. D. Rowley, Zoologist 1868: 1478).

[A. H. J. Harrop, British Birds 112: 89-98].

History George Dawson Rowley of Brighton (1866) in The Field of 17th Nov., Vol. XXVIII. p. 398, says: 'On Saturday last, Nov. 10, a little boy brought a Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi) into Mr. Swaysland's shop who sent it to me directly. The boy had just caught the bird on the outskirts of the town, and a mark of the clap-net which had killed it was visible on the plumage of the throat. This specimen was fat and in capital condition, with the exception of the two outer tail feathers on one side. Curiously enough, the only other A. richardi which ever came under my observation had also sustained a similar loss of tail feathers. I sent a full account of the latter, which I was fortunate to handle alive, to The Zoologist of March, 1865, p. 9466. The second example measured seven and a half inches, and the hind claw three-quarters of an inch.'

G. Dawson Rowley of Brighton (1868) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. III. p. 1478, undated, says: '...A former one was captured on the 10th of November 1866.'

Apparently overlooked by Borrer (1891: 105-106), but accepted locally by Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 208) who adds: 'It was originally in Monk's collection but is now in the Booth Museum, Brighton.'

Comment Two specimens with the same tail loss is more than a coincidence. Suspected import by Swaysland who has been found to be unreliable (A. H. J. Harrop, British Birds 112: 89-98). Not acceptable.

0). 1868 Sussex Near Brighton, male, obtained, 5th October.

(G. D. Rowley, Field 17th Oct., 1868: 318; G. D. Rowley, Zoologist 1868: 1478; Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[A. H. J. Harrop, British Birds 112: 89-98].

History G. Dawson Rowley of Brighton (1868) in The Field of 17th Oct., Vol. XXXII. p. 318, and in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. III. p. 1478, undated quoting from The Field, says: 'On Monday, the 5th of October, a specimen of Richard's Pipit was caught near Brighton, and taken to Mr. Swaysland, Queen's Road.

This bird was moulting all over, and its tail only half-grown - a circumstance which showed, I think, that it could not have been about to migrate, and indicated that this species moults very late. All the pipits have long finished the process, where as our bird's state was what one would expect to find in a pipit in early August. If the species moults late, query, does it also breed late? Who can answer? No naturalist, past or present.

I have recorded in The Field various other instances of the occurrence of Richard's Pipit at Brighton, the last on 9th of October, 1867; a former one was captured on the 10th of November 1866. These three are all autumnal dates, and point to departure; yet I find one in my notes brought into Brighton on the 20th of January, 1865, notice of which I sent to The Zoologist of March following (Zool. 9466). So I confess myself at a loss to understand the species. The one before me appears to be an old male, moulting all at once, which young birds seldom do.'

Accepted locally (Borrer 1891: 106) and by Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 208) who adds: 'It was originally in Monk's collection but is now in the Booth Museum, Brighton.'

Comment Harrop (2019) suggests that this individual was probably imported. Not acceptable.

0). 1869 Lancashire & North Merseyside River Wyre, near Fleetwood, shot, June or July.

(Saunders, 1892; Oakes, 1953).

[White, McCarthy & Jones, 2008].

History Howard Saunders (1892: 48, 2nd ed.) in the revised edition of Mitchell's Birds of Lancashire, says: 'In January, 1884, however, a pipit was sent me for identification, which proved to be of this species, and which the sender, Mr. J. H. Wood, of Bury, said he had shot on the Wyre, not far from Fleetwood, in June or July, 1869. He remarks that "it was flying in and out of some gorse bushes on the banks of the River Wyre, and I was struck by the peculiarity of its flight. It would fly out of one bush almost 'plumb' up into the air, and, after uttering a note something like a Sky Lark, dart into the next thick bush, and remain for a few seconds".'

Accepted locally (Oakes 1953: 73) but White, McCarthy & Jones (2008: 250) say: 'The behaviour and date does not inspire any confidence in this record.'

Comment This edition was revised by Howard Saunders so presumably acceptable to him. June or July being a most unusual date. Probably misidentified. Not acceptable.

0). 1869 Greater London Hampstead, Middlesex, three, immatures, caught, October.

(Glegg, 1929; Glegg, 1935).

[Self, 2014].

History Glegg (1929: 17) says: 'Harting describes four or five occurrences. Later, Harting in Lobley's Hampstead Hill states that it had been taken at Hampstead in Oct., 1869.'

Glegg (1935: 48) says: 'In October 1869 three immatures were caught at Hampstead.'

Not accepted locally (Self 2014).

Comment Glegg appears to be contradicting himself with how many individuals.

0). 1878 Devon Near Plymouth, seen, 14th March.

(J. Gatcombe, Zoologist 1878: 249; Pidsley, 1891; D'Urban & Mathew, 1892).

[KAN].

History J. Gatcombe (1878) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. II. p. 249, says: 'I feel confident that on March 14th I saw Richard's Pipit on the grassy slope of a cliff, but did not get very near in consequence of its flying off inland immediately it caught sight of me. However, I think I could hardly have been mistaken, being so well acquainted with the appearance and flight of the species in a wild state, having at different times met with no less than seven examples in the neighbourhood of Plymouth, besides two others that were brought to our birdstuffers in the flesh.'

Pidsley (1891: 30-31) says: '...and though I have failed to discover that Mr. Gatcombe obtained other specimens, from direct records, yet, there can be no doubt that such was the case, for, in recording an example of this large Pipit seen on the grassy slope of a cliff near Plymouth, March 14th, 1877 [sic], he states that he felt satisfied of a hurried identification, "being so well acquainted with the appearance and flight of the species in a wild state, having at different times met with no less than seven examples in the neighbourhood of Plymouth, besides two others that were brought to our bird stuffers in the flesh". (Zool., 1878, p. 249).'

D'Urban & Mathew (1892: 45) says: 'Mr. Gatcombe saw one March 14th, 1878, near Plymouth. He altogether met with seven examples in that neighbourhood himself, besides two others that were brought to the bird-stuffers in the flesh (Zool., 1878, p. 249).'

Comment Even in the 21st century a hurried look would not be sufficient to identify this large pipit without lots of previous experience. No identification details for this sight record of a difficult species. Not acceptable.

0). 1881 Suffolk Hadleigh, seen, April.

(Babington, 1884-86).

[Babington, 1884-86].

History Babington (1884-86: 71) says: 'One seen within ten yards for five minutes at Hadleigh, April 1881 (F. Spalding in litt.)...and the Hadleigh one is doubtful, not having been procured.'

Comment No identification details for this sight record of a difficult species. Not acceptable.

0). 1881 Dorset Near Weymouth, first-winter male, shot, late November.

("T.J.M." Field 10th Dec., 1881: 866).

[KAN].

History "T.J.M." (1881) in The Field of 10th Dec., Vol. LVIII. p. 866, says: 'A male bird of the year was shot near Weymouth during the last week of November. I had the pleasure of seeing it in the flesh. It was clean shot, and a nice specimen, but the markings in the tail feathers were not well defined.'

Comment Anonymous records were unacceptable to ornithologists. Not acceptable.

0). Pre 1883 Sussex Ninfield, caught, undated.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[Walpole-Bond, 1938]

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 210) says: '1883, prior to the First Supplement (p. 38) to The Natural History of Hastings I find mention of a Richard's Pipit, said to have been caught at Ninfield, which is four miles from the coast at Bexhill. No date is attached to the note. The best one knows, therefore, is that the supposed occurrence took place prior to 1883, when the Supplement in question was published.'

Comment Walpole-Bond (1938) used the words "said to have been" implying no faith in the record. Not acceptable.

0). 1883 Dorset Near Weymouth, early January.

(Mansel-Pleydell, 1888; Boys, 1973; Morrison, 1997; Green, 2004).

[KAN].

History Mansel-Pleydell (1888: 39, 2nd ed.) says: 'One was shot in the neighbourhood of Weymouth.' It was still admitted by F. L. Blathwayt (1934) in the Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Vol. LV. p. 171, under 'A Revised List of the Birds of Dorset', who adds: 'One shot near Weymouth early January 1883.'

Boys (1973: 59) says: 'There are two 19th century records for 1882-83 for Ringstead and Weymouth.'

Morrison (1997: 117) says: '...one near Weymouth in early January 1883.'

Comment I believe this is the same record as 1861, but which one has the correct date? No supporting details for a confusing record. Not acceptable.

0). 1883 Northamptonshire Near Thorpe Station, two, seen, 26th October.

(Lord Lilford, Zoologist 1883: 502; Lilford, 1895).

[KAN].

History Lord Lilford of Lilford Hall, Oundle (1883) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. VII. p. 502, dated 15th November, 1883, says: 'On October 26th, Mr. William Seale, a well-known London birdcatcher, who was staying here for catching common small birds as food for our Raptores, assured us that on this day he saw two Richard's Pipits, Anthus richardi, near Thorpe Station, L.N.W. Railway. Seale is perfectly well acquainted with this species, of which he has taken more than one in his nets, and I have no doubt what ever as to his accuracy in this matter. This is the first occurrence of this species in this county that has come to my knowledge.'

Lord Lilford (1895 (1): 163) says: 'Mr. William Seal, an experienced bird-catcher, has repeatedly, and very recently (October 1894), assured me that he clearly identified two of this species near Thorpe Waterville whilst plying his business there on October 26, 1883. Seal is perfectly well acquainted with this Pipit, of which he has captured more than one in his nets, and is quite positive from the note and flight of these two birds that he could not be mistaken. I am convinced of his bona fides, but think it possible that he may have been deceived by the appearance of a Tawny Pipit (Anthus campestris), with which he is not acquainted.'

Comment It would be safer to reject a sighting of this then difficult species. Not acceptable.

0). 1887 Lincolnshire Tetney, seen, 12th October.

(J. A. Harvie Brown, J. Cordeaux & W. E. Clarke, Migration Report 9: 40; J. Cordeaux, Zoologist 1888: 62; J. Cordeaux, Zoologist 1891: 362; Lorand & Atkin, 1989).

[Smith & Cornwallis, 1955]

History J. A. Harvie Brown, J. Cordeaux & W. E. Clarke (1888) in the Report on the Migration of Birds in the Spring and Autumn of 1887, 9th report, p. 40, say: 'October 12. Tetney, Richard's Pipit seen.'

J. Cordeaux (1888) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XII. p. 62, says: '1887. Oct. 12th. Driving this morning along the straight road from Tetney to the coast, in a field to the left, next to the coast-guard station, my attention was attracted to a large handsome high-standing Pipit, which I am only to identify with Anthus richardi, an Heligoland example of which I obtained this year.'

J. Cordeaux (1891) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XV. p. 362, says: 'One seen by me near the Lincolnshire coast at Tetney, Oct. 12th, 1887, was not obtained.'

Smith & Cornwallis (1955) say: '...Owing to the difficulty of distinguishing this species in autumn from the juvenile Tawny Pipit (Anthus campestris), sight records of it are unsatisfactory unless the distinctive note of Richard's Pipit is heard. Apparently it was not in these cases.' However, Lorand & Atkin (1989) now accept this record.

Comment It would be safer to reject a sighting of this then difficult species without hearing the call. Not acceptable.

0). c. 1888 Gloucestershire Near Cheltenham, caught, undated.

(Mellersh MS.).

[Swaine, 1982].

History Swaine (1982: 177) says: 'Mellersh refers to one in his MS. "near Cheltenham about 1888, caught with larks", but details of identification are not given.

Comment No identification details for this sight record of a difficult species. Not acceptable.

0). 1889 Cumbria Aigle Gill, near Allonby, seen, April.

(Macpherson, 1892).

[KAN].

History Macpherson (1892: 114-115) says: 'There can be no doubt that this large Pipit occasionally straggles to Lakeland - indeed, I am satisfied that it has occurred on the fly-line of the English Solway in three recent instances. In April 1889, Mr. Richard Mann and his brother, Mr. Tom Mann, closely observed a Richard's Pipit on their farm at Aigle Gill, of which they gave me an excellent description both in writing and orally. They would have shot it at once, had the day not been a Sunday. They postponed shooting it until the following day. Richard Mann rose early on Monday, but could not find the bird. When at last it was flushed by their dog, it rose wild and flew out of sight.'

Comment Not known to have been seen by a competent authority. Diagnostic call not heard. Not acceptable.

0). 1889 Cumbria Skinburness Marsh, seen, October.

(Macpherson, 1892).

[KAN].

History Macpherson (1892: 115) says: 'In October 1889, Mr. Nicol saw a Richard's Pipit, as he assured me, on Skinburness Marsh. Having watched it for some minutes, he was about to fire, when the bird flew across a large creek and he lost the opportunity.'

Comment It would be safer to reject a sighting of this then difficult species. Diagnostic call not heard. Not acceptable.

0). 1893 Avon Near Lady's Bay, Clevedon, Somerset, two, seen, 30th May.

(M. S. C. Rickards, Zoologist 1893: 267).

[A. H. Davis, Avon Bird Report 1993: 72].

History Marcus S. C. Rickards of Twigworth Rectory, Gloucester (1893) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XVII. p. 267, says: 'On the 30th of May last I saw a pair of Richard's Pipits, Anthus richardi, near Lady's Bay, Clevedon. They were in a large field interspersed with patches of fern which slopes down to the Bristol Channel, and first attracted my attention from the strut and high carriage of the head which is characteristic of the male. They allowed of a near approach and close observation. It struck me as probable that they might have a nest near, but I failed to find one; nor, though I returned to the spot soon afterwards, and for several subsequent days in succession, did I see any more of them.'

A. H. Davis (1993) in the Avon Bird Report, p. 72, lists the first record as 1968. Not accepted locally.

0). Pre 1894 Kent Near Rainham, seen, undated.

(Prentis, 1894).

[KAN].

History Prentis (1894: 33) says: 'I have only upon one occasion had the pleasure of meeting with Richard's Pipit. I observed a Long-tailed Lark sitting on a gate in an island marsh when the tide had covered the saltings, it flew from off the gate to underneath a lump of deal plank which had been used for repairing the marsh wall, from thence into a cabbage garden and out of sight beside a pen of sheep. Surely, Richard's Pipit must be a very creeping bird.'

Comment Prentis misidentified a Red-throated Pipit which was a Meadow Pipit. Lacks a precise date for a scientific record. No identification details for this sight record of a difficult species. Not acceptable.

0). Pre 1896 Moray & Nairn Knock Hill, Banff, seen, undated.

(Harvie-Brown & Buckley, 1896).

[Harvie-Brown & Buckley, 1896].

History Harvie-Brown & Buckley (1896 (1): 269) recording the record in square brackets, say: 'Edward claims to have seen this bird "only once", at the foot of Knock Hill of Banff. Needless to say: such cannot be accepted as a record.'

Comment Lacks a precise date for a scientific record. No supporting details. Not acceptable.

0). 1898 Sussex Warnham, near Horsham, seen, April.

(J. G. Millais, 1905; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[Sussex Ornithological Society].

History J. G. Millais (1905 (1): 278-279) in the Victoria County History of Sussex, says: 'One Sunday morning in the month of April, 1898, I saw a bird near the lodge gates of Warnham Court which I feel certain not only on account of its size but by its loud note was a bird of this species. It remained sitting quietly on the top of an oak paling till I approached to within a few yards and then flew away in a northerly direction. Two or three Richard's pipits have been taken within the county.'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 210) says: '1898, April. - Millais claims to have seen one of this species at Warnham, near Horsham, in the very north of the county. Evidently, when working up his bird-list for Volume I of the Victoria County History of Sussex (1905), in which the above-mentioned specimen is notified, he forgot, or never bothered, to count past records. For all he says: is: "Two or three Richard's Pipits have been taken within the county".'

Comment I don't think that Millais was 100% sure of this record. Not accepted locally (Sussex Ornithological Society).

0). 1898 Cumbria Aigle Gill, near Allonby, seen, 9th November.

(H. A. Macpherson, Ibis 1899: 155-156; E. Blezard, Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society 6: 36).

[KAN].

History H. A. Macpherson of Allonby Vicarage (1899) in The Ibis, Vol. XLI. pp. 155-156, dated 14th November 1898, says: '...No other specimens of this large Pipit were seen until the 9th of November, when Mr. Joseph Mann made a close scrutiny of a second and larger specimen, which was running on a field on the farm. While he was fetching his brother, Tom Mann, to shoot the strange bird, it made its escape. The brothers searched unsuccessfully for the Pipit.'

Ernest Blezard (1943) in the Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society, Vol. VI. p. 36, says: 'There have been three later occurrences [since 1892] in the Solway Region. One was seen by T. Mann at Aigle Gill, near Allonby, on 9th November, 1898 (Vict. Hist. Cumb., Vol. I. p. 185).'

Comment It would be safer to reject a sighting of this then difficult species. Diagnostic call not heard. Not acceptable.

0). 1900 Cornwall Landrake, seen, March.

(J. Clark, Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall 1902: 192).

[KAN].

History J. Clark (1902) in the Royal Institution of Cornwall, under 'The Birds of Cornwall', p. 192, says: 'Seen at Landrake, March, 1900.'

Comment It would be safer to reject a sighting of this then difficult species. Diagnostic call not heard. Not acceptable.

0). 1901 Sussex Pevensey Sluice, seen, 7th September.

(M. Nicoll, Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist 1: 184; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[E. M. Nicholson & I. J. Ferguson-Lees, British Birds 55: 299-384 HR].

History M. Nicoll (1909) in the Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist, Vol. I. p. 184, says: 'On the 7th September 1901, I saw a Richard's Pipit at Pevensey Sluice - the only specimen I have personally met with in England. It was extremely wild and its loud and harsh call-note attracted my attention. (I have since met with it in Egypt. The loud call-note reep is noticeable for a great distance; so much so that, on several occasions, I have clearly heard the bird before it has come in sight - a mere speck in the distance. The remarkable call-note is apparently only uttered when the bird is flying).'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 210-211) says: '1901, September 7th. - Mr. M. J. Nicoll identified a specimen at Pevensey Sluice (H.E.S.N., I. 1909, p. 184).

He remarked (in litt.): "This is the only one I have personally met with in England, though since then I have come across the species in Egypt, where I have noticed that its loud, harsh note of "reep" (which first attracted my attention to the Sussex bird) can be heard from a great distance. So much so, in fact, that on several occasions I have distinguished it clearly before its author has become even a speck in the distance. This remarkable cry is, apparently, only uttered when the bird is flying, and the bird itself is often extremely wild".'

Comment Hastings rarity. Not acceptable.

0). Pre 1902 Dumfries & Galloway Terregles, Kirkcudbrightshire, obtained, undated.

(Service, 1902; Gladstone, 1910; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953).

[KAN].

History Service (1884) in Maxwell's Guide Book to the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, 4th edit., stated that a Richard's Pipit was procured many year ago in Terregles, and was long in the possession of Mr. Hastings, Dumfries. He has since failed to find the current owner. But Harrop (2011) stated that to be a scientific record it should have at least the year, or a good reason why not, or the specimen be extant, or to have been seen by a competent authority.

Baxter & Rintoul (1953 (1): 104) say: 'Service writing in 1902, said that one was obtained at Terregles, Kirkcudbright, many years before.'

Comment Precise date required for a scientific record. Not acceptable.

0). 1903 Cornwall Near Hayle, seen, 22nd December.

(H. E. Howard, Zoologist 1904: 115).

[H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 1: 113].

History H. Eliot Howard of Stourport (1904) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. VIII. p. 115, says: 'On Dec. 22nd I watched for fully an hour a Richard's Pipit on the sandhills near Hayle. The bird was hawking for insects, allowed me to crawl through the bent to within a few yards; I was thus, with the help of glasses, enabled to see the details of the plumage minutely. The size and length of limb and tail were very striking. The whole appearance of the bird resembled a Wagtail more than a Pipit.'

H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst (1907) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 113, under 'On the More Important Additions to our Knowledge of British Birds since 1899', placed the record in square brackets.

Comment The Cirl Bunting Howard saw in Donegal was rejected. It would be safer to reject a sighting of this then difficult species. Not acceptable.

0). 1905 Sussex Rottingdean, obtained, October.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[E. M. Nicholson & I. J. Ferguson-Lees, British Birds 55: 299-384 HR].

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 211) says: 1905, October and, November. - In each of these months (no precise date was forthcoming) a "Richard's" was obtained at Rottingdean. Both birds went to Mr. J. B. Nichols, who apprised me of their existence.'

Comment Hastings rarity. Not acceptable.

0). 1905 Sussex Rottingdean, obtained, November.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[E. M. Nicholson & I. J. Ferguson-Lees, British Birds 55: 299-384 HR].

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 211) says: '1905, October and, November. - In each of these months (no precise date was forthcoming) a "Richard's" was obtained at Rottingdean. Both birds went to Mr. J. B. Nichols, who apprised me of their existence.'

Comment Hastings rarity. Not acceptable.

0). 1909 Sussex Near Newhaven, seen, 4th October.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[Sussex Ornithological Society].

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 211) says: '1909, October 4th. - It is worth mentioning that I think that a very large pipit seen by me near Newhaven was a Richard's. It was too dark for a Tawny, but its shyness precluded any chance of my obtaining a good view. It didn't call.'

Not accepted locally (Sussex Ornithological Society).

0). 1910 Sussex Lavant, near Chichester, seen, 11th February.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[Sussex Ornithological Society].

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 211) says: 'Mr. T. H. A. Denman believed - and he was a good observer - that he identified one of these Pipits at Lavant, near Chichester. This he told me by letter three days later.'

Not accepted locally (Sussex Ornithological Society).

Comment Not known to have been seen by a competent authority. Not acceptable.

0). 1916 Sussex Pett Level, seen, 7th November.

(N. F. Ticehurst, Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist 7: 96).

[des Forges & Harber, 1963].

History N. F. Ticehurst (1948) in the Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist, Vol. VII. p. 96, says: 'One seen, Pett Level, Nov. 7th, 1916 (R.C.).'

Not accepted locally (des Forges & Harber 1963).

0). 1920 Cumbria Grune Point, Skinburness, seen, 20th May.

(E. Blezard, Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society 6: 36).

[KAN].

History Ernest Blezard (1943) in the Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society, Vol. VI. p. 36, says: 'There have been three later occurrences [since 1892] in the Solway Region. William Nichol, who supplied one of the earlier autumn records, observed a Richard's Pipit on Grune Point, Skinburness, on 20th May, 1920. This bird had sought refuge at the lee side of a hedge during wild weather.'

Comment Not known to have been seen by a competent authority. Not acceptable.

0). 1920 Sussex Near Beachy Head, seen, 6th October.

(D. D. Harber, Sussex Bird Report 1951: 23).

[D. D. Harber, Sussex Bird Report 1951: 23].

History D. D. Harber (1951) in the Sussex Bird Report, pp. 22-24, say: 'We have been able to study the diaries of the late Robert Morris....Unfortunately, a study of these diaries shows that some of these published records must be either modified or abandoned....Richard's Pipit.

Birds of Eastbourne (Arnold 1936) and History of Sussex Birds (Walpole-Bond, 1938) state that Morris thought he saw one near Beachy Head. But under the date of October 6th, 1920, the only detail is of its apparently large size.'

Not accepted locally (D. D. Harber, Sussex Bird Report 1951: 23).

0). 1921 Sussex Pett Level, seen, 27th September.

(N. F. Ticehurst, Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist 7: 96).

[des Forges & Harber, 1963].

History N. F. Ticehurst (1948) in the Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist, Vol. VII. p. 96, says: 'One seen, Pett Level, Sept. 27th, 1921 (R.C.).'

Not accepted locally (des Forges & Harber 1963).

0). 1921 Sussex Pett Level, three, seen, 12th October.

(N. F. Ticehurst, Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist 7: 96).

[des Forges & Harber, 1963].

History N. F. Ticehurst (1948) in the Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist, Vol. VII. p. 96, says: 'Three seen, Pett Level, Oct. 12th, 1921 (R.C.).'

Not accepted locally (des Forges & Harber 1963).

0). 1923 Greater Manchester Oldham, seen, 29th August.

(T. A. Coward, Lancashire and Cheshire Fauna Committee Report 1924: 5).

[Oakes, 1953].

History T. A. Coward (1924) in the Lancashire and Cheshire Fauna Committee 10th Report, p. 5, says: 'On August 29th, 1923, Mr. F. Stubbs identified a Richard's Pipit in his garden at Oldham. There are one or two previous records for this uncommon bird for Lancashire.'

Oakes (1953: 74) says: 'Other reported occurrences are unreliable. In the tenth Report of the Lancs. and Chesh. Fauna Committee, p. 5, it is stated, without any supporting evidence, that one was identified by F. Stubbs in his garden at Oldham on 29th August, 1923.'

0). 1930 Kent Near Seabrook, seen, 24th April.

(A. V. Stone, British Birds 24: 28; Harrison, 1953).

[KAN].

History Alice V. Stone (1930) in British Birds, Vol. XXIV. p. 28, under 'Probable Richard's Pipit in Kent', says: 'On April 24th, 1930, I saw a strange Pipit, which I believe to have been a Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi) near Seabrook in Kent. The bird was on a piece of waste land, and my sister and I watched it for some five or ten minutes at a distance of about twenty yards. The bird was obviously a Pipit, from its general brown colouring, fine beak and Wagtail-like habit. It was much larger than a Meadow Pipit, and on looking carefully at the plumage I noticed at once some bright buff on the flanks. Then, suspecting it to be one of the rarer Pipits, I noted details of the plumage with as much particularity as possible. A narrow streak of bright buff extended along the flanks, just below the edge of the wing, and below that was a paler sandy streak which merged into the dull breast-colour. The flanks were entirely without spot, as were the lower breast and middle throat. The breast spots were confined to a gorget (more like a Sky Lark than a Pipit) and to the sides of the throat. The upper plumage was very definitely streaked, longitudinally, dark and light brown. The legs were light in colour.'

Comment Not specifically identified. Not acceptable.

0). 1935 Fair Isle No locality, seen, April.

(Williamson, 1965).

[Pennington et al., 2004].

History P. E. Davis (Williamson 1965) says: 'Said to have occurred in April, 1935.'

Pennington et al. (2004) say: 'One was also reportedly seen in April 1935, but with no supporting evidence; considering the difficulties of identification of large pipits at this time, this record is best considered unsafe.'

0). Pre 1936 Sussex Cow Gap, Beachy Head, shot, undated.

(Arnold, 1936; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[Arnold, 1936].

History Arnold (1936: 20) says: 'Mr. Wise was confident that he once shot this Pipit at Cow Gap - he noted its superior size and long legs. The bird, however, has unaccountably disappeared, and as it may have been a "Tawny". I enclose "Richard's" in brackets.'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 211) says: 'I further find that Mr. F. Wise is confident that a very large Pipit he shot many years and years ago at Cow Gap, near Beachy Head, was a Richard's. This bird, however, though set-up, has unaccountably and most mysteriously been mislaid.'

Further, in a footnote, he adds: 'All the information in this paragraph is derived from Arnold's B. Eastbourne, p. 20.'

Comment Not known to have been seen by a competent authority. Not acceptable.

0). Pre 1936 Sussex Near Beachy Head, seen, undated.

(Arnold, 1936; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[Arnold, 1936].

History Arnold (1936: 20) says: 'Mr. Morris once thought he saw one near Beachy Head, but is not quite sure.'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 211) says: 'Mr. R. Morris, too, thinks that he once saw a specimen near Beachy Head. Further, in a footnote, he adds: 'All the information in this paragraph is derived from Arnold's B. Eastbourne, p. 20.'

Comment Not specifically identified. Not acceptable.

0). Pre 1936 Sussex The Crumbles, small flock, seen, December.

(Arnold, 1936; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[Arnold, 1936].

History Arnold (1936: 20) says: 'I very possibly saw a small flock once on the Crumbles, in December. They passed right over me and I stupidly set them down as large Yellow Wagtails. When too late, it dawned on me that the time of year precluded this theory. I suppose they may have been Tawny Pipits, but I think their tails were too long. They were not Grey Wagtails.'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 211) says: 'Mr. E. C. Arnold believes that he saw a small flock of these Pipits on the Crumbles, near Eastbourne. The exact date was never jotted down.'

Further, in a footnote, he adds: 'All the information in this paragraph is derived from Arnold's B. Eastbourne, p. 20.'

Comment Not specifically identified. Not acceptable.

0). 1936 Sussex Hove, two, seen, 8th September.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

[Sussex Ornithological Society].

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (1): 211) says: 'Two very large Pipits with extremely loud, raucous voices attracted by instant attention at Hove. Unfortunately they were wickedly wild, and I could in consequence get no good glimpse of their colouration. All the same, I have no doubt in my own mind that they were richardi's.'

Not accepted locally (Sussex Ornithological Society).

0). 1938 Isle of Wight Near Totland Bay, found dead, December.

(F. H. Haines, Ornithological Report of the County of Hampshire 1939: 376; R. Whitlock, South-Eastern Bird Report 1939: 2).

[Eds., British Birds 34: 115; Eds., British Birds 34: 245; Cohen, 1963].

History F. H. Haines (1939) in the Ornithological Report of the County of Hampshire, p. 376, and R. Whitlock (1939) in the South-Eastern Bird Report, p. 2, says: 'At the end of 1938 while snow was still thick on the ground in the Isle of Wight a dead pipit was picked up on the cliff edge at Totland Bay; definitely larger than other pipits - not less than 7 inches in length. The hind claw is described as not less than 1.5 in. with the toe, the claw alone measuring 0.75 in. Unfortunately, no steps were taken to preserve even a part of this most valuable specimen, so that all confirmatory evidence is lacking, though from the description the identifications seems to have been correct (H.M.L.) In such cases it is easy to preserve the whole specimen.'

In an Editorial (1940) in British Birds, Vol. XXXIV. p. 115, in a Review of the Ornithological Report of the County of Hampshire, for 1939, they say: 'The Report also contains three unsatisfactory records of rarities. A large Pipit, thought to have been a Richard's was found dead in the Isle of Wight at the end of 1938, but no steps were taken to preserve any part of it.'

In an Editorial (1941) in British Birds, Vol. XXXIV. p. 245, they say: 'In noticing the Ornithological Report for Hampshire 1939 we referred to three unsatisfactory records (antea, p. 115). Mr. W. B. Alexander now informs us that two of these - a supposed Richard's Pipit and a Pratincole from the Isle of Wight - were sent to him in the first place and that he and Mr. Jourdain agreed that further details were very necessary, but owing to the latter's illness these were not obtained before publication of the Report. Mr. Alexander has now received a leg of the supposed pipit which proves to be that of a Sky Lark with an abnormally long hind claw (the sides of the tarsus have scutes). The correctness of the identification of the Pratincole remains very uncertain.'

Cohen (1963) says: 'A pipit larger than other pipits was reported (Hampshire Field Club Society Report 14: 376) as not less than seven inches and "the hind claw not less than one and a half inches with the toe, the claw alone measuring three-quarters of an inch". None of the bird was preserved and the editor, perhaps not unnaturally, accepted the record at the time. Subsequently a leg of the corpse was recovered and the bird proved to have been an abnormal Sky Lark.'

Comment Misidentified. Not acceptable.

0). 1945 Devon Orcombe Point, Exmouth, two, seen, 6th February.

(M. Brooks-King et al., Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report 1945: 47; Eds., British Birds 39: 381).

[KAN].

History M. Brooks-King et al. (1945) in the Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report, p. 47, says: 'Orcombe Point beach, Exmouth. February 6th, two; identified by long legs, large size, light plumaged heads. (S.D.G.).'

In an Editorial (1946) in British Birds, Vol. XXXIX. p. 381, in a Review of the Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report, for 1945, they say: 'A record of a possible Goshawk should certainly be added to the square-bracketed category, and the evidence for the identification of two Richard's Pipits is quite inadequate.'

Comment S. D. Gibbard of Exmouth. Not acceptable.

0). 1947 Cornwall Near Compass Point, Bude, seen, 28th March.

(B. H. Ryves & H. M. Quick, Cornwall Bird-Watching & Preservation Society Report 1947: 13; Penhallurick, 1978).

[KAN].

History B. H. Ryves & H. M. Quick (1947) in the Cornwall Bird-Watching & Preservation Society Report, Vol. XVII. pp. 13-14, say: 'On March 28th, at 12 noon, I was walking up the slope towards Compass Point, Bude, when a conspicuous long-legged bird about 6½-7 ins. in length and appearing to be half-pipit and half-wagtail, ran swiftly along the cliff edge, apparently searching for food. It frequently paused and regained its very erect posture, looked warily in every direction, then continued to run to and fro. Seeing the bird against the sky line in a very good light, not only did the very long legs attract my attention, but the exceptionally elongated hind toe was clearly seen through my glasses (9 x 35 Ross).

I was later able to get within a few yards, when I noted the blackish-brown neck and mantle, scapulars and wings, streaky upper-breast and whitish eye-stripe; the throat was whitish and legs a pale flesh colour. The pipit, with very strong and slightly undulating flight, exposed its white outer-tail feathers as it disappeared across the downs. I am well acquainted with the Meadow, Rock and Tree Pipits; this was something entirely different, the unusually long legs immediately attracting attention. (F.E.C.)'

Penhallurick (1978: 203) says: 'On 28th March 1947 one was watched on the cliff-top near Compass Point, Bude. - F.E.C.'

Comment Not specifically identified. Diagnostic call not heard. Not acceptable.

0). 1947 Sussex Cliff End, Fairlight, seen, 17th September.

(A. Denby Wilkinson, British Birds 41: 116-117).

[des Forges & Harber, 1963].

History A. Denby Wilkinson (1948) in British Birds, Vol. XLI. pp. 116-117, says: 'About noon (G.M.T.) on September 17th, at Cliff End, Fairlight, Sussex, a bird coming from the edge of the cliff to the east drew my attention by an unknown, rather loud, harsh call. It dropped about 30 yards from me on the edge of a newly-ploughed field and I had no difficulty in recognizing a Richard's Pipit (Anthus r. richardi).

Standing erect and alert, this large pipit looked very long-legged; the head, half turned towards me, was streaked on top, then came a clear, creamy-buff stripe immediately over the eye, and below another patch of the same colour. But, after size and length of leg, its most noticeable feature was the inverted, lightly streaked, crescent of buff on the breast. The points of this crescent turned up, curving in back to the beak, while the same shade of buff showed from under the edge of the wing, but the lower breast was much lighter and faded almost to white under the tail. Such parts of the wings as could be seen were heavily streaked dark brown on a much lighter brown, and the white of the outer tail-feathers was seen when the bird flew. The legs looked very light, yellowish, in the autumn sunlight.

The place where the bird was seen was about 1,000 yards to the westward of Pett Level boat slipway, where Mr. Cooke saw a Richard's Pipit on the same day, and it may be that our observations refer to the same individual, though it is equally possible that more than one was present on this bit of coast on the date in question. The bird seen by me flew away to the west after some minutes.'

Not accepted locally (des Forges & Harber 1963).

0). 1947 Sussex Pett Level, seen, 17th September.

(R. Cooke, British Birds 41: 116).

[des Forges & Harber, 1963].

History R. Cooke (1948) in British Birds, Vol. XLI. p. 116, says: 'On September 17th, 1947, there was a large arrival of pipits and buntings on the Sussex coast at Pett Level. Birds were coming in from the south-east with a light S.E. breeze all the morning, the buntings high overhead, too high for specific identification, the pipits low over the waves, Meadow Pipits (Anthus pratensis) in thousands and Rock Pipits (A. spinoletta petrosus) in hundreds.

The former mostly pitched on to rough ground inside the sea-wall, the latter on to the rocks and foreshore. Amongst them were three Tawny Pipits (A. c. campestris), birds I have frequently seen before. They appeared to be tired, standing and preening on the rocks and allowing of a very near approach, so that every detail of their plumage could be seen. They afterwards moved to some sandy marram-covered ground inside the sea-wall, where I found them again the next morning. Half an hour later, at 10.15 (G.M.T.), a Richard's Pipit (A. r. richardi) came in and dropped on to the Wooden slipway from which the boats are launched. Running up this at an amazing pace it then flew over the wall on to the same piece of rough ground as the Tawny Pipits. Here I had it under close observation, sometimes within fifteen yards until 10.40, when it flew off westwards in the direction of Cliff End.

It was slightly larger than the Tawny Pipits, with noticeably longer legs, a very long hind claw and less upright stance. Its back was much like a Skylark's, the tail-coverts uniformly brown, and it had conspicuous white outer tail-feathers. There was a buffish eyestripe, the breast and flanks were light buff, with brown flecks on the side of the neck and breast, belly white.'

Not accepted locally (des Forges & Harber 1963).

0). 1948 Sussex Seven Sisters, two, 24th March.

(G. des Forges, Sussex Bird Report 1948: 6).

[des Forges & Harber, 1963].

History G. des Forges (1948) in the Sussex Bird Report, Vol. I. p. 6, says: 'Two flew from the sea or beach on to the Seven Sisters on March 24th (J.A.S., J.W.-B., A.G.W.). J. Walpole-Bond (1938) describes them as "...when standing they looked almost as large as a Song Thrush and their legs were strikingly long. Their note was a far from loud "zit-zit-zit" - very Bunting-like. They ran very fast and were very tame".'

Not accepted locally (des Forges & Harber 1963).

0). 1949 Warwickshire Earlswood, seen, 6th March.

(C. A. Norris, West Midland Bird Report 1949: 20).

[Harrison et al., 1982].

History C. A. Norris (1949) in the West Midland Bird Report, p. 20, recording the record in square brackets, says: 'A bird probably of this species was seen on some ploughed land at Earlswood on March 6th. Its size was about that of a Skylark, but it had a slightly longer tail. The bill appeared longer than a Skylark's. The breast was buff; the lower breast, belly and under tail coverts white. Upper parts were richly marked, and there was a light stripe behind the eye noticeable only at certain angles. No note was heard. (A.W.C., P.E., J.S.).'

Harrison et al. (1982) stated that earlier records of this species had been placed in square brackets by Norris, and one at Earlswood on 6th March 1949 was square bracketed as well.

0). 1950 Kent Shellness, Sheppey, 23rd April.

(Harrison, 1953).

[KAN].

History Harrison (1953) Vol. II. p. 204, states that T. C. Gregory informs me (in litt., 30.iv.1950) that on 23rd April 1950 at Shellness on the Isle of Sheppey he saw a Richard's Pipit.

Comment Third hand report with no supporting details of identification. Not acceptable.

0). 1950 Sussex The Midrips, 27th April.

(N. F. Ticehurst, Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist 7: 236; Harrison, 1953).

[des Forges & Harber, 1963].

History N. F. Ticehurst (1951) in the Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist, Vol. VII. p. 236, says: 'One, Midrips, Ap. 27th, a large pipit with a clearly streaked back, darker towards tail, light outer tail-feathers, yellow eye-stripe, breast a pronounced buff with streaks, mainly down the sides, call harsh (A.D.W.).'

Accepted locally for Kent (Harrison 1953). However, it was not accepted for Sussex (des Forges & Harber 1963).

Comment Locality is in Sussex (Sussex Bird Report 1953: 5).

0). 1951 Cornwall Compass Point, Bude, 5th April.

(B. H. Ryves, A. G. Parsons & H. M. Quick, Cornwall Bird-Watching & Preservation Society Report 1951: 10).

[KAN].

History B. H. Ryves, A. G. Parsons & H. M. Quick (1951) in the Cornwall Bird-Watching & Preservation Society Report, Vol. XXI. p. 10 say: 'April 5th. At Compass Point, Bude, where I fist saw a Richard's Pipit on March 28th, 1947, I again saw one. As before, the unusually long legs immediately attracted attention. - F.E.C.'

Comment Not specifically identified. Diagnostic call not heard. Not acceptable.

0). 1951 Somerset Minehead Golf Course, 14th September.

(M. Brooks-King, Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report 1951: 11).

[M. Brooks-King, Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report 1951: 11].

History M. Brooks-King (1951) in the Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report, Vol. XXIV. p. 11, recording the record in square brackets, says: 'Minehead golf links, Sept. 14, one seen at very close range; very large size estimated at 7.5 to 7.75 inches compared with nearby Pied Wagtail, crown light buffish-brown with darker brown streaks, slight creamy-buff eye-stripe, back and rump darker than crown but less streaked, wings like a rather grey Sky Lark with buff edges and tips, chin buffish-white, breast buff with black-brown streaks, rest of underparts whitish-buff, legs long and pinkish-yellow. It had a very upright stance and ran at an amazing speed. Owing to longish grass it was not possible to see the hind claw before it was frightened away by golfers (A.V.C.).'

0). 1953 Sussex Rye Harbour, 25th January.

(N. F. Ticehurst, Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist 8: 91).

[des Forges & Harber, 1963].

History N. F. Ticehurst (1954) in the Hastings and East Sussex Naturalist, Vol. VIII. p. 91, says: 'One, Rye Harbour, Jan. 25th. A large, solid Pipit on long pale legs; upper parts boldly marked brownish black, clear buff eyestripe, breast pale brown, lightly streaked black right into head save for a clear lighter patch under chin, remaining underparts clean and Lighter; whitish outer tail feathers; no note heard (E.G.).'

Not accepted locally (des Forges & Harber 1963).

0). 1953 Fair Isle Near Quoy and Kennaby, two, between 17th and 24th August.

(K. Williamson, Fair Isle Bird Observatory Bulletin 2: 14; K. Williamson, Scottish Naturalist 66: 163; R. K. Cornwallis, British Birds 47: 424).

[D. N. Shaw, Fair Isle Bird Observatory Report 2003: 115].

History K. Williamson (1953) in the Fair Isle Bird Observatory Bulletin, Vol. II. p. 14, says: 'One of the interesting features of the mid-August invasion of Crossbills at Fair Isle was that these birds...were accompanied by at least two Richard's Pipit Anthus richardi.

These were seen in the crofting area near Quoy and Kennaby on August 19th-20th, and a single bird was seen on 17th and 24th. The one watched on 17th (also seen by James Wilson), and again on 20th, was at first puzzling, as the tail was too short for Richard's Pipit, though the bird agreed well with this species in all other respects. The view obtained on 20th, however, by R. Spencer, R. Porter and the writer, solved this difficulty, as the bird was clearly in moult. The wing had a much abraded appearance, and the outer tail-feathers were shorter than the central ones. The other bird, seen by the same party on 19th and again on 24th, had the tail fully grown, and had a habit of flicking it in Redstart fashion when perching on the wires and fencing-posts, so that the white outers were clearly visible.

The birds were slightly bigger than Rock Pipits feeding in the same area and they had longer, stouter bills. There was a pale but rather ill-defined eye-stripe, pale brown lores, striated mantle, and white chin and belly. The sides of the breast were strongly suffused with buff and heavily spotted, the dark spots being grouped to the sides rather than the middle of the breast. The greater wing-coverts were dark-centred and the bill appeared to be black. The legs were a yellowish-brown.

Of a number of previous autumn records at Fair Isle none is earlier than September 26th, and September 7th 1928 in Shetland appears to be the earliest previous date.'

Not accepted locally (D. N. Shaw, Fair Isle Bird Observatory Report 2003: 115).

0). 1954 Co. Durham Marsden, two, 2nd November.

(G. W. Temperley, Transactions of the Northumberland, Durham & Newcastle-upon-Tyne Natural History Society 11: 127).

[Bowey & Newsome, 2012].

History G. W. Temperley (1954) in the Transactions of the Northumberland, Durham & Newcastle-upon-Tyne Natural History Society, Vol. XI. p. 127, says: 'On November 2nd, on the cliff-top N of Marsden, D., two were under continuous observation under most favourable conditions for nearly an hour, as they flitted about and alighted on a low wall on the cliff-top. Every feature was carefully noted - their size, plumage, stance and movements. On the following day they could not be found. (E.G.T.). This is the first record for this species in Co. Durham.'

However, Bowey & Newsome (2012) now state the first record as occurring in 1970.

0). 1955 Cornwall Penrose, 16th March.

(B. H. Ryves, H. M. Quick & A. G. Parsons, Cornwall Bird-Watching & Preservation Society Report 1955: 10).

[B. H. Ryves, H. M. Quick & A. G. Parsons, Cornwall Bird-Watching & Preservation Society Report 1955: 10].

History B. H. Ryves, H. M. Quick & A. G. Parsons (1956) in the Cornwall Bird-Watching & Preservation Society Report, Vol. XXV. p. 10, recording the record in square brackets, say: 'On March 16th, at Penrose, a large upstanding Pipit was seen. It was a greyish brown bird, with fairly heavy streaking on back, no streaks on rump. The fairly long tail was wagged in Wagtail fashion. Rather indistinct pale superciliary stripe and stripe under ear coverts. There was some streaking on breast and upper flanks. Legs flesh colour. It rose silently. J.E.B.'

0). 1956 Cleveland/Yorkshire Bramble Farm, Middlesbrough, 9th March.

(R. Chislett, Yorkshire Naturalists' Union Ornithological Report 1956: 67).

[Blick, 2009].

History R. Chislett (1956) in the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union Ornithological Report, p. 67, says: 'A pipit seen on several days from March 9th by Norman Yule on the Bramble Farm Estate, Middlesbrough, was considered to be of this species.'

Not accepted locally for Cleveland (Blick 2009).

0). 1957 Cheshire & Wirral Hilbre Island, Wirral, 2nd November.

(R. J. Raines, Birds of the Wirral Peninsula 1959: 26; L. P. Samuels & T. H. Bell, Cheshire Bird Report 1957-60: 49).

[Conlin & Williams, 2017].

History R. J. Raines (1959) in the Birds of the Wirral Peninsula, p. 26, says: 'J. Gittins and A. Bell identified a bird of this species on Hilbre Island on Nov. 2nd, 1957. It was described as a large pipit with upright stance, long tarsi and long tail showing noticeable white outer feathers. The upperparts were darkish brown, the underparts light with some light flecks on the breast. There was a pronounced eyestripe. After a brief stay, the bird flew first to perch on a low bramble bush and then made off to the south with undulating flight.'

L. P. Samuels & T. H. Bell (1960) in the Cheshire Bird Report, p. 49, says: Hilbre, 2/11/157 (Hilbre Island Ringing Station Report). First fully-authenticated county record.

AC pass

Keith Naylor

Richard's Pipit

Anthus richardi Vieillot, 1818 (108, 28)

Citrine Wagtail

Tawny Pipit